ASR of NB in Argentina is lower than in developed countries, with considerable regional variation. SRs are also lower than in developed countries.

In Argentina, ASR of osteosarcoma is similar to that in high-income countries, but survival is lower in all regions. Future work will focus on identification and reduction of causes of preventable treatment failure.

Objective: To evaluate the differential characteristics of SARS-COV-2 associated inflammatory multisystem syndrome (MIS-C) in children. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. The definition of MIS-C was based on WHO criteria. Temporally related COVID-19 patients were included as controls. Results: 25 patients with MIS-C and 75 controls were included. Multivariate multiple logistic regression model of variables that showed to be significant in univariate analysis revealed that age ≥2 years (OR 24.7; 95% CI 1.03 -592.4; P=0.048), lymphopenia (OR 9.03, 95%CI 2.05-39.7; P=0.004), and platelet count <150x10 9 / L (OR 11.7; 95% CI 1.88-75.22; P=0.009) were significantly associated with MIS-C. Presence of underlying disease seemed to reduce the risk of MIS-C (OR 0.06; 95% CI 0.01-0.3). Conclusion: MIS-C was more common in patients older than 2 years and in those with lymphopenia or thrombocytopenia. Underlying disease appears to reduce the risk of MIS-C.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading throughout the world. Limited data are available for the dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load (VL) in immunocompromised pediatric patients. Here, we report the clinical characteristics and the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VL of a pediatric patient with acute myeloid leukemia who developed a hyperinflammatory status mimicked MIS-C. The clinical course was characterized by the late onset of fever, GI symptoms, rash, and respiratory distress, including oxygen requirement with sustained VL of SARS-CoV-2 around 7 log10 RNA copies/mL for 6 weeks. It is important to note that the hyperinflammatory status developed early at the third week of hospitalization—in a context of high VL and immunocompromised status. All these characteristics make this clinical case unique. On the other hand, while many reports have characterized the dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 VL in adults and immunocompetent hosts, it remains unreported in pediatrics—even less in immunosuppressed children.

Background: GH deficiency (GHD) and spine irradiation (SI) have been implicated in the mechanism of reduced adult height (AH) in childhood survivors of medulloblastoma. However, growth dynamics after tumor diagnosis and the effectiveness of rhGH on AH in comparison with rhGH-untreated survivors have not been reported. Aim: To follow height (H) SDS (HSDS) since tumor diagnosis and the effect of rhGH in GHD patients, comparing with GH-untreated GHD patients. Methods: 14 patients received rhGH treatment until AH (medulloblastoma GH-treated group, MGHGr). 19 patients refused rhGH therapy (GH-untreated control medulloblastoma group, MCGr). Standing H and sitting H (SitH) were measured. Results: In MGHGr, mean ± SD HSDS decreased from 0.09 ± 0.63 at tumor diagnosis to –1.38 ± 0.91 at diagnosis of GHD, and to –1.90 ± 0.72 at the onset of rhGH, p < 0.01, but it remained unchanged during rhGH (AH –2.12 ± 0.55). MCGr HSDS (–0.25 ± 0.88) was not different from MGHGr at tumor diagnosis, but it was –3.40 ± 0.88 at AH, significantly lower than in MGHGr, p = 0.001. SitH SDS at AH (–4.56 ± 0.82) was significantly lower than at the onset of rhGH (–2.86 ± 0.75), p = 0.003, and it was not different from MCGr (–4.85 ± 1.77). Conclusions: rhGH treatment improves AH in GH-deficient childhood medulloblastoma survivors but not spinal growth.