BackgroundTwo-dimensional frontal plane knee projection angle (FPKPA) has been used to assess dynamic knee alignment during single leg squat in athletes with patellofemoral pain and to screen athletes who are at risk for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. The Dynamic Taping (DT) could be used in motor control training to decrease load of lower limbs muscles and improve movement pattern.ObjectiveCompare FPKPA before and after the application of dynamic taping in female volleyball athletes.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingThe FPKPA was used to measure knee medial motion. The ICC was 0.90 and the standard error of measurement (SEM) was 1.65°. All these measurements were performed at Minas Tenis Clube.Patients (or Participants)18 female volleyball players participated in this study; the mean for age was 19.44±4.48 years; body mass, 72.28±8.20 kg; and height 182.67±7.63 cm.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)A spiral DT(double-layer /Powerband) technique was placed with the hip in 40° abduction, 20° extension and full available external rotation, aiming to resist hip adduction, flexion and internal rotation. The tape was applied by the same professional stretching until resistance begins such that increasing resistance would be created with any movement towards adduction, internal rotation and flexion thereby creating a deceleration force.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe FPKPA was recorded during single leg squat until 80° knee flexion before and after the Dynamic Taping(R) application.Results10 of 18 athletes had high FPKPA (>8o) and the T-test revealed statistical difference pre and post DT (p<0,0001). Pre DT Mean of FPKPA was 10.5o and Post DT mean was 5.4o.ConclusionsThis study has shown the DT application decreased FPKPA during single leg squat in female volleyball athletes. This approach could be an important tool to enhance movement quality and prevent knee injuries.
BackgroundVolleyball and basketball are among the sports with a higher incidence of knee injuries. The inability to maintain a proper alignment of the lower limbs during functional activities could create a knee valgus which predisposes to injury. Thus, the quantification of knee valgus is necessary to guide prevention and clinical interventions.ObjectiveTo establish normative values for dynamic knee valgus during the single leg squat (SLS) in volleyball and basketball athletes.DesignObservational cross-sectional.SettingMinas Tênis Club, Brazil, youth sports.Participants151 athletes (108 male and 43 female) were assessed during national championship preseason. All participants were healthy, with no current pain of lower limb injury and no history of previous lower extremity surgery. The mean age, weight and height were 14.21+2.09; 62.75+14.20 and 173.89+13.42, respectively.Assessment of risk factorsGender, age and sport.Main outcome measurementsKnee valgus was measured as frontal plane projection angle of the knee (FPPAK) during SLS up to 60° of knee flexion. The mean of three repetitions of SLS from each limb was used for analysis, using SIMI Motion Twinner software. The FPPAK was defined as the connections between ASIS, midpoint of femoral epicondyles and anterior midpoint of the malleolis.ResultsThe mean FPPAK during SLS for right leg was 7.08+4.0 and 8.68+4.2 for left leg. There were no differences between ages and genders. There were significant differences between sides in both modalities (p<0.000).The basketball athletes had lower FPPAK on the left leg when compared with athletes from volleyball (p<0.000).ConclusionAll athletes showed an inability to maintain proper alignment during dynamic squat. The differences found between modalities may be linked to the specific technique of each sport and are important to guide an intervention focused on injury prevention.
BackgroundThe knee malalignment is a risk factor of injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament tear. Most studies that analyses the knee valgus in jump tasks, investigates only this pattern at landing. It would be interesting to study the knee valgus at takeoff, because at this specific moment the active components of the movement are the primary injury contributors.Objectiveto compare the frontal plane knee angle (FPKA) during takeoff and landing at countermovement jump in athletes.DesignObservational cross sectional.SettingVolleyball and basketball players were evaluated at Minas Tennis Club and at Sports Prevention and Rehabilitation Laboratory (CENESP-UFMG).Participants101 athletes, mean age 15.88 (0.35) years were included in this study. All participants were healthy, with no current complaints of lower limb injury or pain and no history of lower limbs previous surgery.Assessment of risk factorsHigh-FPKA. Reflexive markers were located in ASIS, femoral condyles and in a middle point of the medial and lateral maleolus.Main outcome measurementsThe FPKA was determined in SIMI motion 2D software.ResultsThe mean angle during takeoff was 3.020 and 3.13 0 for dominant and non-dominant leg. For landing, it was 2840 and 2210 respectively. There was no significant statistical differences between the two means on both legs (p=0.73 dominant leg and p=0.13 non-dominant leg). Meanwhile, the variance was greater in the impulsion analysis (37.2 right leg and 48.3 left leg) compared to landing (24.4 and 29.8 respectively).ConclusionThe analysis of FPKA during takeoff provides data about the active contribution of certain variables in knee injuries and must be better understood. Differences between the FPKA during takeoff and landing were not found in this study, although in the first movement there was a major variance. This inconsistency may demand a more thorough investigation.
BackgroundElite female volleyball players have a high risk for shoulder, knee and ankle injuries. The head coach approach is crucial to prevent injuries.ObjectiveTo compare the frequency of complaints and time loss injuries during two elite volleyball seasons with different head coaches, the second having more expertise in elite female volleyball players than the first.DesignProspective cohort study.SettingMinas Tênis Club elite female volleyball team.Patients (or Participants)One team, consisting of 15 players in the first season (age 25.4 yrs (SD±5.4); body mass 72.7 kg (±3.1); height 182.0 cm (±0.1) and 16 players in the second season (age 23.5 yrs (±4.7); body mass 74.4 kg (±9.7); height 182.0 cm (±6.6) were followed up.Interventions (or Assessment of Risk Factors)The same physiotherapist conducted the data collection during two seasons. The injury definition was time loss from full participation in sports, and a complaint was any symptoms that need physical therapy intervention and/or modifying training load. The complaints/injuries were categorized as acute or chronic.Main Outcome MeasurementsThe frequency of complaints and time-loss injuries during two seasons of follow up.ResultsThe total number of complaints/injuries was 33 in the first season and 41 in the second season, with an annual average of 2.5 complaints/injuries per athlete in the first season and 2.9 in the second. In the first season, 58% of complaints/ injuries resulted in time loss, while in the next season only 34% did. The number of complaints/injuries increased, but there was a 40% reduction in time-loss injuries. Another important factor was the reduction in 33% of chronic cases.ConclusionsThe physiotherapy interventions were the same during the two seasons, but the head coach expertise may have influenced the rate of time-loss injuries, resulting in more athletes being available for practices and games.
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