Surface-enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy (SERS) was employed to investigate the formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of biphenylthiol, 4'-nitro-1,1'-biphenyl-4-thiol, and p-terphenylthiol on Au surfaces and their structural transformations into carbon nanomembranes (CNMs) induced by electron irradiation. The high sensitivity of SERS allows us to identify two types of Raman scattering in electron-irradiated SAMs: (1) Raman-active sites exhibit similar bands as those of pristine SAMs in the fingerprint spectral region, but with indications of an amorphization process and (2) Raman-inactive sites show almost no Raman-scattering signals, except a very weak and broad D band, indicating a lack of structural order but for the presence of graphitic domains. Statistical analysis showed that the ratio of the number of Raman-active sites to the total number of measurement sites decreases exponentially with increasing the electron irradiation dose. The maximum degree of cross-linking ranged from 97 to 99% for the three SAMs. Proof-of-concept experiments were conducted to demonstrate potential applications of Raman-inactive CNMs as a supporting membrane for Raman analysis.
The purpose of the article is to improve the existing theoretical and methodological provisions and develop practical recommendations for regulating the effectiveness of the application of the system-functional approach in managing the development of construction enterprises. The analysis of the use of the system-functional approach in the management of the innovative development of construction enterprises is carried out. Based on the results of the study, a model for regulating the effectiveness of the application of the system-functional approach in managing the innovative development of construction enterprises was built and analyzed. The analysis of the process of selection and application of the regulation method in the management of innovative development is carried out. A model has been developed for regulating the effectiveness of the application of the system-functional approach in the management of innovative development of construction enterprises through the prism of the transition of its components from a static to a dynamic state, based on the use of the toolkit of the ZFC theory.
The purpose of the article is to improve the methodological support for a comprehensive assessment of the innovative development of enterprises in the construction industry. Based on the results of the study, the strengths and weaknesses of existing approaches were critically analyzed and a methodological approach to assessing the innovative development of construction enterprises was proposed. Clarifications of such concepts (economic categories) as: innovative solution, creative-active workers, creative construction project, innovative building material, innovative engineering structure, innovative technology are presented. Relative indicators are analyzed, with the help of which the level of innovative development of a construction company is determined. The Harrington scale was used to analyze the values of indicators characterizing the level of innovative development of a construction company. It has been established that the current trends that have developed in the construction industry in Ukraine require Ukrainian construction companies to intensively attract and use innovative technologies. It is noted that the prospects for further research in this direction include the definition and substantiation of factors of influence on the effectiveness of the application of the system-functional approach in the management of innovative development of construction enterprises.
Reducing the cost of construction is a constant goal of the construction industry. One of the ways to reduce the cost of building construction is the innovative development of construction technologies and construction companies that will increase productivity. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the application of a system-functional approach in the management of innovative development of construction companies. It is important to distinguish between cheap or inexpensive and cost-effective production. Cost-effective buildings are buildings that are manufactured at a low cost while maintaining high standards of design and comfort. The hypothesis is that the system-functional approach is advantageous in order to find effective methods of managing the innovative development of construction companies. To achieve a holistic approach, an interdisciplinary approach to research is needed. Approaching effective methods of managing the innovative development of construction companies in terms of system-functional approach, you can achieve optimization with synergy effects and thus find cost-effective and energy efficient solutions. The study also combines a system-functional approach to strategic management with corporate and entrepreneurial thinking. He outlined the further development of the system of identification and classification of opportunities, consisting of three dimensions: 1) the dynamism between specific to the enterprise and industry opportunities, 2) hierarchies of opportunities and portfolios of opportunities, 3) their internal structure. The capacity for innovative development was analyzed in the context of the system-functional approach, technological systems and the type of process of pooling resources (creation of new versus consolidation of existing opportunities). Current portfolio of opportunities and organizational changes at the construction company are described. It also clarifies the mechanism by which companies can influence the balance between knowledge retrieval and the efficiency of knowledge transfer and integration in their daily financial and economic activities, and hence the diversity of their portfolio and the breadth and novelty of the range of services.
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