Complementary analytical strategies based on ICP-TQ-MS were used for the detection and characterization of selenium-containing nanoparticles in selenized yeast.
A fast
and fully automated method for chiral analysis has been
developed by combining a chiral derivatization approach with high-resolution
trapped ion mobility separation. Although the presented approach can
be potentially applied to diverse types of chiral compounds, several
benchmark amino acids were used as model compounds, focusing on the
smallest amino acid alanine. An autosampler with an integrated chromatography
system was used for inline chiral derivatization with (S)-naproxen chloride and subsequent preseparation. Afterwards, derivatized
amino acids were directly introduced into the electrospray interface
of a trapped ion mobility–mass spectrometer for rapid diastereomer
separation in the gas phase. This unique combination of preseparation
and trapped ion mobility spectrometry separation in the negative ion
mode enabled rapid chiral analysis within 3 min per sample. Furthermore,
the diastereomer separation proved to be independent of alkali salts
or other metal ions, offering robustness with regard to samples containing
high amounts of salts. Highly sensitive detection of amino acid diastereomers
was possible down to the lower nanomolar concentration range, and
enantiomeric ratios could be readily determined from the recorded
mobilograms with excellent reproducibility and precision. To demonstrate
the general applicability of our method, alanine and other amino acids
were analyzed from soy sauces and seasonings, which revealed extraordinarily
high d-Ala contents of up to 99% in all samples.
Copper is an essential element for biological functions within humans and animals. There are several known diseases associated with Cu deficiency or overload, such as Menkes disease and Wilson disease,...
BACKGROUND:
Preoperative intravenous iron administration is a frequently used patient blood management procedure. If the timeframe of intravenous iron administration before surgery is short, (1) the concentration of the intravenous iron compound might still be high in patients’ plasma when undergoing surgery and (2) this iron in patients’ plasma is at risk to be lost due to blood loss. The aim of the current study was, therefore, to track the iron compound ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) before, during, and after cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass, with an emphasis on intraoperative iron losses in shed blood and potential recovery through autologous cell salvage.
METHODS:
Concentrations of FCM were analyzed in patients’ blood using a hyphenation of liquid chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry to distinguish between pharmaceutical compound FCM and serum iron. In this prospective, single-center pilot trial, 13 anemic and 10 control patients were included. Anemic patients with hemoglobin levels ≤12/13 g/dL in women and men were treated with 500 milligrams (mg) intravenous FCM 12 to 96 hours before elective on-pump cardiac surgery. Patients’ blood samples were collected before surgery and at days 0, 1, 3, and 7 after surgery. One sample each was taken of the cardiopulmonary bypass, the autologous red blood cell concentrate generated by cell salvage, and the cell salvage disposal bag.
RESULTS:
Patients who had received FCM <48 hours before surgery had higher FCM serum levels (median [Q1–Q3], 52.9 [13.0–91.6]) compared to ≥48 hours (2.1 [0.7–5.1] µg/mL, P = .008). Of 500-mg FCM administered <48 hours, 327.37 (257.96–402.48) mg were incorporated compared to administration ≥48 hours with 493.60 (487.78–496.70) mg. After surgery, patients’ plasma FCM concentration in the FCM <48 hours group was decreased (–27.1 [–30 to −5.9] µg/mL). Little FCM was found in the cell salvage disposal bag (<48 hours, 4.2 [3.0–25.8] µg/mL, equivalent to 29.0 [19.0–40.7] mg total; equivalent to 5.8% or 1/17th of the 500 mg FCM initially administered), almost none in the autologous red blood cell concentrate (<48 hours, 0.1 [0.0–0.43] µg/mL).
CONCLUSIONS:
The data generate the hypotheses that nearly all FCM is incorporated into iron stores with administration ≥48 hours before surgery. When FCM is given <48 hours of surgery, the majority is incorporated into iron stores by the time of surgery, although a small amount may be lost during surgical bleeding with limited recovery by cell salvage.
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