Sexual harassment is widespread and common issue. It is connected with unwelcome behavior within men and women on sex. The objective of this study was to plot perceptions and experiences of sexual harassment among educated female. This study was based on Secondary Education Examination (SEE) completed female aged 16 years and above by using self-administered questionnaire in Kathmandu. Total 250 females were selected and chi-square test was used for testing the association. More than a tenth respondents who were teachers/ lecturers said that SH is extremely problematic at community, workplace and school. Overwhelming majority of women (82%) experienced at least one form of sexual harassment. Study found that respondents’ age group was significantly associated (P<0.01) with experienced at least one place of sexual harassment. Similarly, married women experienced higher rate (80%) in at least one place of sexual harassment than unmarried women (75%). Therefore, this study suggests that sexual harassment among educated female in Kathmandu valley is prevalent and online harassment is also emerging. On the other hand, they do not want to expose and perceive it as a sexual harassment. Therefore, effective programs and policies related with sexual harassment needs to be addressed.
Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a major public health phenomenon. The objective of this study is to explore the prevalence and associated risk factors of intimate partner violence in Kathmandu valley. For this study, the data had come from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2016. Study has confined 162 married women from three districts of Kathmandu valley. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were applied to examine the association between variables. Results found that more than a quarter (27%) women had faced at least one form of violence and education is significant variable for both women and husbands. Therefore, national attention should stand towards education for both women and their husbands to mitigate IPV.
Emotional abuse is a hardest form of abuse to recognize and globally it is a major public health problem. This study aims to explore the associated factors among slum married women in Kathmandu valley. It has used primary data from slum areas of Kathmandu valley and this study confined with married women only. Result showed more than two fifth (42%) women’s husband get angry if their wives talked with another male members either they are relatives or friends. The percent of emotional abuse was high where respondents did not attend school (33%) than who attended school (21%). Uniquely, study found that all alcohol user husbands insulted their wife in front of others and threatened or made worried. Despite that whose husbands did not use alcohol, their wives were not fallen on any types of emotional abuse. Additionally, quarrelling habit of husbands is also leading factor of emotional abuse. Findings of this study demonstrated that several factors are associated with emotional abuse including alcohol use, education, and occupation and battering habit. On the other hand, non-use of alcohol, high level of education, skilled occupation, and non-battering habit could protect women against emotional abuse by their husband. Therefore, interventions should focus on these issues for both men and women.
Globally, sexual harassment is a common phenomenon and occurred before formulating its name sexual harassment. ILO focused on it and said that sexual harassment at work will not be tolerated and must end worldwide. The primary objective of this study is to examine the idea of workplace harassment and its legal aspects globally. This is a review-based study and has been grounded on authentic sites such as google scholar, academia, jstor, and electronic libraries to explore the context. Among a few governments Sweden was the first to adopt legislation and organized seminars and highlighted workplace sexual harassment including anti-bullying laws. Likewise, international organizations and conventions such as CEDAW, ILO, and women's conferences have included provisions on sexual harassment in the workplace. Anti-sexual harassment acts have come into effect in many countries such as Pakistan, Afghanistan, the Philippines, Indonesia, Turkey, and Nepal. Additionally, from the global level, the Me-too movement assisted to speak up on sexual harassment. However sexual harassment in the workplace continues. Despite the sexual harassment acts and laws, employers continue to ignore the incidences of harassment. Therefore, both employers and employees need to work towards creating a safer workspace, and free from harassment by formulating and implementing policies based on the country’s acts and protocols for prevention.
Sexual harassment is a common and widespread phenomenon that has physical, emotional, and social consequences for individuals. The aim of this paper is to explore the knowledge and perception of sexual harassment among the working women in Kathmandu Valley. The systematic random sampling technique was used and selected 388 people working in the educational and non[1] educational sectors of the Kathmandu Valley. The result revealed that highest percentage of respondents have heard about the term "sexual harassment." low percent (83%) respondents had heard about SH in Bhaktapur compared to Kathmandu and Lalitpur (97%) and (86%), respectively. The majority of respondents (60%) stated that sexual harassment occurs in the workplace, as a result of misread signals from women. However, the majority of respondents (35%) stated that public transportation is the most risky place for sexual harassment followed by dark/ remote places (34%). Almost two-thirds of respondents (ranging from 62% to 65%) in all districts had heard about sexual harassment-related laws, acts, and policies, which was statistically significant at the 0.05 level. Similarly, respondents aged 35 and older had less knowledge than those in the younger age group, and this was significantly related to their age. The majority of respondents (93%) who worked in reception had the most knowledge of harassment-related laws and policies, followed by managerial supervisors (86%) whereas unskilled labor had lowest knowledge (47%) regarding these laws/ policies.
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