The present study supports the toxic effect of 5-FU on the myocardium, which is largely schedule-dependent, whereas a low but finite risk of such toxicity has been observed with oral capecitabine. A high level of alertness is required when using fluoropyrimidines (i.v. 5FU or oral capecitabine), while their toxic effect on the coronary endothelium and myocardium merits further investigation.
Background:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic, non communicable, multisystem
disease that has reached epidemic proportions. Chronic exposure to hyperglycaemia affects the
microvasculature, eventually leading to diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy with high
impact on the quality of life and overall life expectancy. Sexual dysfunction is an often-overlooked microvascular
complication of T2DM, with a complex pathogenesis originating from endothelial dysfunction.
Objective:
The purpose of this review is to present current definitions, epidemiological data and risk
factors for diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy and sexual dysfunction. We also describe the
clinical and laboratory evaluation that is mandatory for the diagnosis of these conditions.
Method:
A comprehensive review of the literature was performed to identify data from clinical studies
for the prevalence, risk factors and diagnostic methods of microvascular complications of T2DM.
Results:
Diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy affect approximately 25% of patients with T2DM; diabetic
neuropathy is encountered in almost 50% of the diabetic population, while the prevalence of erectile dysfunction
ranges from 35-90% in diabetic men. The duration of T2DM along with glycemic, blood pressure
and lipid control are common risk factors for the development of these complications. Criteria for the diagnosis
of these conditions are well established, but exclusion of other causes is mandatory.
Conclusion:
Early detection of microvascular complications associated with T2DM is important, as
early intervention leads to better outcomes. However, this requires awareness of their definition,
prevalence and diagnostic modalities.
Our findings indicate that exercise training may improve the functional status of VAD recipients even at a later period after implantation and thus, may have additional importance in cases of destination therapy.
A high intensity inspiratory muscle training program resulted in improvement in functional status of chronic heart failure patients compared with low intensity inspiratory muscle training. Improvement in exercise capacity was not associated with an anti-inflammatory effect, although a beneficial influence on soluble TNF receptor I was recorded. Possible reasons include inadequate level of muscle mass exercise and the low pretraining New York Heart Association class.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.