The present study describes, for the first time, the protective effect of natural curcumin in vivo in a lower vertebrate, a teleost, Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Two doses of curcumin 0.5 and 1% were supplemented in the 40% protein feed and fed to fish for the periods, 2 and 8 weeks. The antioxidant status, protein content, and the tissue structure in experimental fish were examined after the short-term and long-term feeding. In all the curcumin fed groups, the lipid peroxidation product, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances content either decreased or unaffected. The glutathione content increased while the antioxidant enzyme activity pattern varied with time and dose. The histological analysis also confirmed the safety of curcumin retaining the normal arrangement of hepatocytes, hepatopancreas, macrophage-melanocyte centers in Anabas. The improved antioxidant status and protein content suggest a favorable effect for curcumin in cultured fish.
The present study was conducted to evaluate the safety of long-term dietary curcumin at doses 0.5 and 1% in Anabas testudineus employing hematological and cytological techniques. The fish were fed with curcumin-supplemented feed for 6 months. Fine blood smears were prepared and subjected to three different staining techniques. The erythrocyte micronucleus frequency (MN) and the cytometric measurements of erythrocytes were determined. Blood from the control and treated fish was subjected to the assessment of several hematological parameters. Also, DNA fragmentation assay on hepatocytes was conducted. The results showed that hemoglobin content, RBC count and hematocrit increased in the curcumin-fed fish compared to control, whereas WBC count, platelet count, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration were unaffected. WBC/RBC ratio was lower in the case of curcumin-treated fish. The cytometric measurements revealed no change in the erythrocytes and their nuclei after curcumin treatment. DNA fragmentation assay revealed intact DNA in curcumin-fed group, ruling out the possibility of curcumin-induced DNA damage. The positive control group showed a significant increase in MN frequency compared to negative control and curcumin-fed groups. In fact, the MN frequency decreased in 1% curcumin-fed group compared to the negative control and 0.5% curcumin groups. All these indicated a state of well-being of the curcumin-treated fish. Therefore, it is concluded that curcumin could be used as a safe feed ingredient to improve the growth of finfish in aquaculture.
The effect of a synthetic curcumin analogue (salicylcurcumin) on fish lipid peroxidation was investigated in both in vitro and in vivo conditions using a teleost model Anabas testudineus (Bloch). Curcumin analogue inhibited the formation of lipid peroxidation products and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) content at the three concentrations (10(-2) M, 10(-3) M and 10(-4) M) in vitro. TBARS content was reduced by 80% in the liver and 68% in brain by the higher concentration of salicylcurcumin. For in vivo study, salicylcurcumin (0.5%) was supplemented along with the basal feed for a period of 60 days. It produced a 60% reduction in liver TBARS content. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) was stimulated, whereas catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were inhibited. Glutathione (GSH) was reduced and glutathione reductase (GR) unchanged. Even though there was an increase in SOD activity, the CAT and GPx did not increase accordingly, maybe due to the direct scavenging of H(2)O(2) by salicylcurcumin. The protein content also increased in the curcumin-fed animals, indicating a positive growth-promoting effect. Therefore, it would be beneficial to supplement salicylcurcumin along with the aquaculture feed in order to help the fish to cope with adverse conditions in the environment. This would increase the survival rate, disease resistance and ultimately the growth rate.
The present study evaluated the effect of five different curcuminoids, CURI, CURII, CURIII, a mixture of the three and a synthetic, curcumin-boron-oxalic acid complex, on Anabas testudineus hepatocyte lipid peroxidation after 30-60 min of incubation. The results showed that curcumin had a protective role as a strong antioxidant in teleosts. All the curcuminoids decreased the peroxidation products formed, with or without stimulating the antioxidant enzyme pathway. This suggests a direct reactive oxygen-species scavenging ability of curcuminoids. Their antioxidant effects appear to be time and dose-dependent.
The present work aims at assessing Bakers’s yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae as an efficient and eco-friendly probiotic feed additives for ornamental fish, Carassias auratus. For this study an indoor culture experiment was carried out 300l plastic trough containing 200l water in triplicate. In each tank five fishes at fingerlings stage (1.58 ± 0.14g) were reared for a period of 30 days. An uniform water quality parameters such as temperature (28.0 ± 1.0 0C), pH (7.60 ± 0.12), dissolved oxygen (4.80 ± 0.82mg/l) and ammonia (< 0.08 mg/l) were maintained. The results inferred that, the percentage increase in the biochemical constituents in both skin and muscle tissue of C. auratus received 2% yeast added diet (EDY2) registered higher values when compared to control and other experimental diets fed fishes. The total carotenoid content in the acetone extracted skin tissues of C. auratus fed with 2% yeast supplemented diet varied from 0.748+ 0.042 in 0 day to 0.944 + 0.014 µg/g wet tissue on 30th day of experiment. Likewise, in the muscle tissue of C. auratus extracted with acetone, the total carotenoid varied from 0.376+0.014 (0 day) to 0.541 + 0.008 µg/g wet tissue (30 day). The carotenoid content of both the tested tissues on methanol extract was low, when compared with acetone extract. The overall results inferred that S. cerevisiae supplementation @ 2g/ 100g diet distingly altered the carcass composition of C. auratus and also the accumulation of cartenoids in skin and muscle tissues. S. cerevisiae contains bioactive lead molecules, which accelerated the vital physical and metabolic activities in host fish species.
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