In solar desalination system, solar energy is utilized for heating salt water using parabolic solar concentrator. The steam formed is then condensed to get the pure water. The water is kept in an absorber placed within the focal area of the concentrator. Optimal utilization of solar energy is possible by designing an absorber of proper size. Parabolic dish type concentrator is generally used for cooking but here we discuss its use in steam generation. Paper explains design and manufacturing of absorber and then comparing the results with conventional cooking vessel. Material of the absorber is selected considering the effects of seawater, the ability to resist high temperature, and manufacturability. Heat resistant coating is applied for maximum absorption of the radiation. Absorber designed as a thin walled pressure vessel is then manufactured by rolling, pressing and welding processes. Rate of evaporation of water in the designed absorber is compared with that in the conventional vessel for different sunshine conditions. It is observed that designed absorber is more efficient.
The fused deposition modelling (FDM) technique involves the deposition of a fused layer of material according to the geometry designed in the software. Several parameters affect the quality of parts produced by FDM. This paper investigates the effect of FDM printing process parameters on tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength. The effects of process parameters such as printing speed, layer thickness, extrusion temperature, and infill percentage are studied. Polyactic acid (PLA) was used as a filament material for printing test specimens. The experimental layout is designed according to response surface methodology (RSM) and responses are collected. Specimens are prepared for testing of these parameters as per ASTM standards. A mathematical model for each of the responses is developed based on the nonlinear regression method. The desirability approach, nonlinear regression, as well as experimental values are in close agreement with each other. The desirability approach predicted the tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength with a less percentage error of 3.109, 6.532, and 3.712, respectively. The nonlinear regression approach predicted the tensile strength, impact strength, and flexural strength with a less percentage error of 2.977, 6.532, and 3.474, respectively. The desirability concept and nonlinear regression approach resulted in the best mechanical property of the FDM-printed part.
Pure steam generated by conventional boiler is not devoid of chemical additives, rust or other undesirable materials and fails to meet essential quality of steam needed for pharmaceutical and health care process industries for WFI(Water for Injection), sterilization of medical equipment and clean room humidification on account of the limitations in achieving desired standards needed by the qualities of ideal pure steam such as pH value, conductivity, bacteria count etc. as prescribed by the International Society of Pharmaceutical Engineers (ISPE). Dry and pure steam is produced by ‘pure steam generators’ using purification process of the plant steam and doesn’t contain any liquid droplets, any anti scaling additives and corrosion inhibitors. - Thermo siphon type Pure Steam Generator has been chosen in the present project for its extremely good heat transfer performance at low temperature differences, less sensitivity to large changes in process condition and more stable operation. In this paper design of the heat exchanger for generation of pure steam has been discussed. Here shell and tube type heat exchanger has been selected due to its flexibility of design, which allows wide range of pressures and temperatures. Standards laid out in ASME BPE for selection of material, CGMP and TEMA for design and manufacturing methods are followed for efficient and safe steam generation. Parameters given by the industry to meet customers’ requirements have been considered while designing the HE, its accessories, piping, valves and instruments. Thermal design of the two phase shell and tube heat exchanger has been done manually and validated using HTRI suite. The mean % error between HTRI results and manual results is 12.05%.
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