INTRODUCTIONThe role of major cardiovascular risk factors in the development of coronary artery disease (CAD) is well established.1 The "Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardioloogy" ² states that the major and independent risk factors for CAD are cigarette smoking of any amount, elevated blood pressure, elevated serum total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), diabetes mellitus, and advancing age. The quantitative relationship between these risk factors and CAD risk has been elucidated by the Framingham Heart Study³ and other studies.The role of major cardiovascular risk factors in the development of CAD is markedly more common in male than in female.4-6 Literature shows that CAD incidence is 3 times higher in male compared with female. 7 Reasons for the sex difference in CAD risk are not fully understood. In the Prospective Follow Up Study of 14786 Middle-Aged Men and Women in Finland conducted by Pekka Jousilahti et. AI, 7 about 45% of the excess CAD risk of men was associated with the sex differences in cardiovascular risk factors. The difference in the total cholesterol and HDL, and smoking rate, contributed markedly to the excess CAD risk of men. Thus, in our study, we aim to investigate the major risk factors in MI patients admitted in CCU and to compare whether the association of those risk factors with CAD risk is similar in male and female.
Background and Aims: The number of pacemaker implantation is increasing at various centres of Nepal with increase in cardiac services. However, there are few data available regarding the pacemaker implantation in Nepal. This study intend to focus and study trends and profile of permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) of 19 years experience at the referral tertiary cardiac center which will reflect intended objective of this study. Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional study done at Shahid Gangalal National Heart Centre (SGNHC). The data of the patient who underwent PPI from 2001 November to 2020 August were reviewed. Patients data including age, sex, indication for pacing, mode of pacing, type of pacemaker implanted, implantation parameters such as lead impedence and threshold were recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 3631 pacemaker implantation were performed at SGNHC from 2001 November to 2020 August. Among the total patients, 59.4% were male with mean age of 65.2±15.2 years. The most common indication was degenerative complete heart block (74.8%). Sick sinus syndrome (8.2%) was the second most common indication of pacing. The single chamber were implanted in 93.3% cases and dual chamber in 6.7% cases. VVIR was the most common mode of implantation in 93.1% cases, followed by DDDR (6.7%). AAIR (0.1%) and VDD in 0.1% cases. The total number of pacemaker implanted yearly in SGNHC has increased since the early year of implantation. During the early years most of the pacemakers were Single chamber (VVI) pacemaker and the implantation of dual chamber pacemaker increased gradually from year 2010 onwards. After the year 2010 the implantation of dual chamber pacemaker has increased significantly compared to prior to 2010 (p= 0.001). There were no gender differences in use of single chamber and dual chamber implantation during this period. (p value = 0.489). The dual chamber were implanted mostly in age group less than 65 year compared to more than 65 years (P value = 0.001). Conclusion: There is gradual increase in the number of pacemaker implantation yearly at SGNHC and since 2010 there is also increase in number of dual chamber pacemaker implantation though the single chamber pacemaker outnumbered the dual chamber implantation.
In context of rapidly rising prevalence of cardiovascular disease and risk factors in the developing world it has become important to study the scenario in its various aspects. This study conducted between March and July, 2007 in a suburban Nepali population deals with prevalence of metabolic syndrome according to the recently modified criteria for Asians. Altogether 150 subjects were randomly selected. The main component of the survey included administration of predetermined questionnaire, physical examination which included waist circumference measurement, height, weight, blood pressure measurement (twice), 12-lead ECG and fasting blood sample for lipid profile and glucose level. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our study according to the recent criteria developed by AHA/NHBLI is 12.4%. Significant Proportion of subjects diagnosed as having metabolic syndrome was not obese by traditional criteria but had increased waist circumference. Elevated triglyceride level was the most common component among subjects with metabolic syndrome was not obese by traditional criteria but had increased waist circumference. Elevated triglyceride level was the most common component among subjects with metabolic syndrome. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome syndrome in a suburban Nepali community seems to be significant. Thus, it is time for the developing countries to realize that the prevention of non-communicable diseases should also receive as much attention as that of nutritional and communicable diseases.
INTRODUCTIONCardiac catheterization includes catheterization and related angiography for example coronary angiography, left ventriculography, left heart study and right heart study. Cardiac catheterization is an invasive intervention that being increasingly used both for diagnosis and treatment. With improvement in technology and experience, pharmacologic development, the indications for this procedure are increasing. The decision to perform cardiac catheterization must be based on a careful balance of risk of procedure against the anticipated benefit to the patient. These invasive procedures hence are associated with complications.Till date no such studies are done regarding catheterization procedures and its complications in Nepal. This study aims to evaluate complications associated with diagnostic catheterizations and hence its safety and anticipated risk in Nepalese context.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.