The global migration is transforming the social fabric of modern societies around the world. As a result, countries hosting large number of immigrants have developed a range of services to help immigrants adjust to their new countries. Many studies have investigated immigrant services, however, there is no discussion looking at immigrant services under what I call "Immigrant settlement services literacy" (ISSL). This paper aims to close this gap. The discussion proposes some implications for immigrant settlement services planning, delivery and evaluation in light of the notion of immigrant services literacy.
This paper presents a literature review on trauma in children/adolescents with a specific focus on Third World countries. We reviewed the literature starting from 1990 to 2003 using electronic bibliographic databases. Results indicate that out of the 306 references selected for the review, 32 studies were conducted on children/adolescents in African countries compared to 67 studies in Asian countries, 61 in Middle Eastern countries, 46 in Latin American countries and 53 in Eastern European countries. The few promising studies on PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) in Africa have mostly been conducted in African-English-speaking countries, implying a need for research on PTSD in Francophone countries. Findings also show that existing literature on African children/adolescents is largely focussed on PTSD in relation to stressors such as war and political violence. Future research should be extended to include the impact of different types of traumatic events such as natural disasters, confinement in refugee camps, massive internal displacement, sexual abuse and mass killing on African children/adolescents to expand the knowledge base in this area. In addition, more work is needed to understand the effects of culture, gender, age and ethnicity on trauma in children/adolescents to allow for better provision of health services.
An abundant literature has been produced on immigrant children and youth education. However, few studies incorporate students' view in providing a comprehensive definition of immigrant children and youth's school integration. The aim of this paper is to provide an operational integrated guide, which may be useful for working with immigrant children and youth students, as it takes into consideration the social, cultural, psychological and academic dimensions of their school integration. This integrated guiding framework draws from a five-year experience of community-university partnership. The methodology consists of a review of the literature on the school integration of immigrant children and youth, comprehensive interviews with students, parents and community partners (previous publications by authors), and community's involvement through a consultation process to determine needs and priorities. The combined findings gathered from these sources are formulated into practical recommendations to assist educators in their support of immigrant children and youth' school integration process.
This is a preliminarily study examining the relationship between quality of memory and refugee hearing decisions. It relies on self-reports from seven refugee claimants who were denied convention refugee status, from five convention refugees, and from reading seven negative panel decisions for refugee claimants exhibiting posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Out of seven participants, four reported that they had experienced torture; seven had witnessed the death of friends or family members; two declared that they had illegally travelled by sea under inhumane conditions; and two reported that they had been raped. Four participants said that they still experience nightmares related to past traumatic experiences. Five participants said they often experience recurring thoughts reminding them of what happened. Six reported having problems with sleeping, anxiety, and also forgetting a lot about their experiences. Results echo previous studies on default memory in traumatized persons. However, further investigation is needed to understand better the impact of PTSD on refugee claimant credibility. Findings also indicate that there is a need for refugee hearing judges to be trained to recognize the emotional suffering of refugee claimants.
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