Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with androgenic responsiveness in triticale were analyzed using a population of 90 DH lines derived from the F1 cross between inbred line ‘Saka 3006’ and cv. ‘Modus’, which was used in a number of earlier studies on molecular mapping in this crop. Using Windows QTL Cartographer and MapQTL 5.0, composite interval mapping (CIM) and association studies (Kruskal–Wallis test; K–W) for five androgenesis parameters (androgenic embryo induction, total regeneration and green plant regeneration ability, and two characteristics describing final androgenesis efficiency) were conducted. For the studied components of androgenic response, CIM detected in total 28 QTLs which were localized on 5 chromosomes from A and R genomes. Effects of all QTLs that were identified at 2.0 or above of the LOD score explained 5.1–21.7 % of the phenotypic variation. Androgenesis induction was associated with seven QTLs (LOD between 2.0 and 5.8) detected on chromosomes 5A, 4R, 5R and 7R, all of them confirmed by K–W test as regions containing the markers significantly linked to the studied trait. What is more, K–W test revealed additional markers on chromosomes: 5A, 2BL, 7B and 5R. Both total and green regeneration ability were controlled by genes localized on chromosome 4A. Some of the QTLs that affected final androgenesis efficiency were identical with those associated with androgenic embryo induction efficiency, suggesting that the observed correlation may be either due to tight linkage or to pleiotropy.Key message Five regions of the triticale genome were indicated as revealing significant marker/trait association. Markers located in these regions are potentially useful for triticale breeding through marker-assisted selection.
Snow mould caused by Microdochium nivale (Fr.) Samuels & Hallett is the most widespread seedling disease in winter cereals. Due to the complexity of the resistance mechanisms, a poorly understood genetic background and strong interaction with winter weather conditions, it is difficult to assess the resistance of triticale cultivars via conventional inoculation methods. Genetic resistance is the most economical and environmental friendly way to control M. nivale infection; therefore, the objective of this study was to detect the quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with resistance components of winter triticale in a mapping population derived from a cross of the ‘Modus’ (partly resistant) and ‘SaKa 3006’ (sensitive) varieties. High-resolution mapping was conducted by using 1518 molecular markers (diversity arrays technology, simple sequence repeat and amplified fragment length polymorphism). Partial resistance components assessed in this study, i.e. candidate QTLs, were detected on chromosomes 1B, 2A, 3A, 3B, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6B and 7B, whereas QTLs describing overall seedling vitality in non-infected control plants were located on chromosomes 1B, 2B, 3A, 5A, 7B and 7R.
Drought is one of the major factors limiting wheat yield in many developing countries worldwide. Parameters of chlorophyll a fluorescence kinetics under drought stress conditions have been used to characterize dehydration tolerance in wheat. In the present study, a set of 94 doubled haploid lines obtained from Chinese Spring £ SQ1 (CSDH), mapped with 450 markers, was evaluated for yield (grain dry weight/main stem ear), number of grains/main stem ear (NG) and chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters (FC) under moderate and severe drought stress, and compared with results for well-watered plants. quantitative trait loci (QTLs) were identified using Windows QTLCartographer version 2.5 software and the results were analysed using single-marker analysis (SMA) and composite interval mapping (CIM). Analysis using SMA and CIM showed mostly similar QTLs for all traits, though more QTLs were identified by SMA than by CIM. The genetic control of yield, NG and FC varied considerably between drought-stressed and non-stressed plants. Although no major QTL co-locations were found for yield and FC using CIM, the co-location of QTLs for NG, yield and F v /F m in drought-stressed plants was observed on chromosome 5A using SMA.
HVT in children demonstrate internal morphologic heterogeneity and an age-related behavior of the disease. We also confirm the proliferative nature of all hemangioendotheliomas (HEs) in children. Further studies on the tumorigenesis of these lesions are needed.
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