RESUMOEste estudo objetivou conhecer a flora e a estrutura de áreas remanescentes da floresta atlântica inseridas na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Cachoeira, município de Joinville, Santa Catarina. Selecionaram-se os cinco maiores fragmentos florestais em extensão localizados na área urbana do município, além do canal do rio principal da bacia, para o levantamento da flora aquática. As coletas foram realizadas mensalmente em todas as áreas amostrais. A organização sistemática da flora adotou o sistema APG IV. Amostrou-se um total de 381 espécies distribuídas em 226 gêneros e 89 famílias. As famílias mais ricas foram: Myrtaceae (35), Fabaceae (29), Rubiaceae (22), Bromeliaceae (20), Asteraceae (17), Lauraceae (16), Poaceae (14), Cyperaceae (13), Sapindaceae (11) e Araceae (10). As cinco espécies de maior valor de importância foram Euterpe edulis, Alchornea triplinervia, Psychotria nuda, Hyeronima alchorneoides e Ficus gomelleira. Os fragmentos apresentaram elevado índice de diversidade e baixa similaridade entre si. Aproximadamente 50% dos indivíduos compuseram classes de altura e diamétrica inferiores. Os fragmentos estão, em sua maioria, em estádio sucessional médio de regeneração natural. Os resultados indicam a importância desses fragmentos como áreas relictuais para a conservação da diversidade da floresta atlântica em áreas urbanas. Palavras-chave: composição florística; fitossociologia; fragmentos urbanos; mata atlântica; sucessão ecológica. ABSTRACTThis study aimed investigate the floristic diversity and the structure of the remaining Atlantic Forest areas in the Cachoeira River Basin, Joinville, Santa Catarina. The five largest forest fragments in extension were located in the urban area of municipality, as well as the channel of the main river of the basin to survey the aquatic flora. The collections were performed monthly in all sample areas. The systematic organization adopted the APG IV system. 381 species were sampled in 226 genera and 89 families. The most representative botanical families were Myrtaceae (35), Fabaceae (29), Rubiaceae (22), Bromeliaceae (20), Asteraceae (17), Lauraceae (16), Poaceae (14), Cyperaceae (13), Sapindaceae (11) and Araceae (10). The five species of biggest importance value was Euterpe edulis, Alchornea triplinervia, Psychotria nuda, Hyeronima alchorneoides and Ficus gomelleira. The fragments presented high diversity index and low similarity. Approximately 50% of individuals composed lower height and diametric classes. The fragments are mostly in the intermediate successional stage of natural regeneration. The results indicate the importance of these fragments as relict areas for the conservation of the diversity of the Atlantic Forest in urban areas.
RESUMOA espécie subarbustiva Scaevola plumieri L. (Goodeniaceae) distribui-se na costa atlântica brasileira desde o Ceará até Santa Catarina, seu limite austral. A anatomia do lenho da mesma foi descrita apenas para a América do Norte, havendo um hiato em relação ao Brasil. O presente estudo caracteriza a anatomia do lenho de S. plumieri a partir de material botânico proveniente do ambiente de restinga do sul do Brasil. Os caracteres anatômicos mais representativos são: vasos solitários, porosidade difusa, placas de perfuração simples, parênquima axial vasicêntrico escasso e raios heterogêneos, formados por células eretas e quadradas. Percebeu-se uma homogeneidade de caracteres anatômicos qualitativos com relação ao descrito para a América do Norte, mas uma clara distinção nos atributos quantitativos, possivelmente devido a condições ambientais distintas, que denotam plasticidade anatômica ao lenho dessa espécie. Palavras-chave: anatomia da madeira, Goodeniaceae, planície costeira. ABSTRACT [Systematic and ecological wood anatomy of Scaevola plumieri L. (Goodeniaceae)].The sub-shrub species Scaevola plumieri L. (Goodeniacaceae) is distributed on the Brazilian Atlantic coast from Ceará to Santa Catarina, its southern limit. The wood anatomy of this species was described only for North America, being a hiatus in relation to Brazil. The present study characterizes the wood anatomy of S. plumieri from botanical material of southern Brazil restinga. The most representative anatomical traits are: solitary vessels, diffuse porosity, simple perforation plates, scanty vasicentric axial parenchyma, and heterogeneous rays, formed by erect and square cells. An anatomical similarity of qualitative characters was found, compared with those described for North America, being a clear distinction with respect the quantitative ones, possibly due to different environmental conditions which the species is submitted, that indicates a plastic capacity to the wood of this species.
RESUMOO presente estudo descreve e ilustra a anatomia da madeira de Schwartzia brasiliensis (Marcgraviaceae), com base em material procedente da restinga de São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os caracteres anatômicos de destaque são: camadas de crescimento distintas, porosidade difusa, pontoações intervasculares alternas, fibras septadas, parênquima axial apotraqueal e paratraqueal, raios extremamente altos e heterogêneos, e inclusões minerais em células do raio e do parênquima axial. Palavras-chave: anatomia do lenho, Marcgraviaceae, Schwartzia brasiliensis. ABSTRACT [Wood anatomy of Schwartzia brasiliensis (Choisy) Bedell ex Gir-Cañas (Marcgraviaceae)].This study describes and illustrates the anatomy of the wood of Schwartzia brasiliensis (Marcgraviaceae), based on material from a sandbank in São Francisco do Sul, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The highlight of anatomical characters are: distinct growth rings, diffuse porosity, alternate intervessel pits, septated fibers, apotracheal and paratracheal axial parenchyma, extremely high and heterogeneous rays and mineral inclusions in ray cells and axial parenchyma cells.
The wood anatomy is able to evidence systematic and ecological aspects associated with the evolution and functionality of the secondary xylem. The present study was carried out using wood of Chiococca alba (Rubiaceae) from cerrado (savannah), to describe its anatomy and to verify if the hydraulic architecture of this species corroborates the theory that postulates the functional tendency that optimizes the transport efficiency associated with safety. The anatomical analysis followed the conventional protocols of wood anatomy. Different indexes of wood hydraulics quantification were calculated, such as solitary vessels index, vessel grouping, conductivity, vessel collapse, theoretical resistance to vessel implosion and mesomorphism. The structural characteristics described for C. alba are in agreement with the general anatomical descriptions for the Rubiaceae family that relate the presence of exclusively solitary vessels and small diameter, simple perforation plates, alternate intervessel pits, apotracheal parenchyma in species with non-septate fibers and narrow and heterogeneous rays. The calculated indexes showed that C. alba is a xerophyte species with great resistance to the collapse of the vessels during the transport of water, little vulnerability to embolism and relative efficiency in the transport when compared to other species of its subfamily (Cinchonoideae) in function of the typical low water availability of the savannah soil.
RESUMOO presente estudo descreve e ilustra a anatomia do lenho de Ternstroemia brasiliensis (Pentaphylacaceae) a partir de coletas realizadas em ambiente de restinga no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. Os caracteres anatômicos mais representativos são: vasos de pequeno diâmetro e elevada frequência, espessamentos espiralados presentes em elementos de vaso, traqueídes vasicêntricos, placas de perfuração escalariformes, parênquima axial apotraqueal difuso e raios heterogêneos extremamente altos. A conjunção destes caracteres indica primitividade ao lenho desta espécie. Palavras-chave: anatomia do lenho, Pentaphylacaceae, Ternstroemia brasiliensis. ABSTRACT [Wood anatomy of Ternstroemia brasiliensis Cambess. (Pentaphylacaceae)].This study describe and illustrate the wood anatomy of Ternstroemia brasiliensis (Pentaphylacaceae) from samples collected in a sandbank environment in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The most representative anatomical features are: small vessel diameter and high vessel frequency, helical thickenings in vessel elements, vasicentric tracheids present, scalariform perforation plates, apotracheal diffuse axial parenchyma and extremely high heterogeneous rays. The conjunction of these features indicates a high primitiveness to this wood species.
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