:Lung cancer is an important & widespread disease that contributes a major health problem worldwide. Lung cancer kills over 1 million people per year. Cigarette smoking is the major cause of lung cancer. CT scan is the principal radiological examination adjunct to X-Ray chest examination in diagnosis & management of lung cancer. The main Objective of the study was to assess the diagnostic usefulness of CT scan in evaluating & characterize the different types of lung tumors and to correlate CT findings of lung tumors with that of cytopathology. This study was carried out in the department of Radiology & Imaging, Dhaka medical college hospital, Dhaka during the period from 1st January 2007 to March 2008. It was a cross sectional study. Total 51 patients were selected conveniently, detailed history particularly symptoms related to lung tumors was carefully elicited to obtain maximum possible information regarding the illness. Possible diagnosis was established by the combination of history, physical examination, laboratory & radiological investigations. Then patients were underwent CT examination of lung. Cytopathological sample were obtained from the lesion by guided aspiration. Collected FNAC samples were send for cytopathology & collected reports were compared with CT scan reports. Sensitivity of CT to diagnose lung tumor was 97.4%, specificity 76.9% & accuracy 92.2 %.
Background & Aims: Microlithiasis is a common increasing disorder, especially in infants and young children, defined as sonographic detection of hyperechogenic deposits in the pelvic area of the ureter and calyces which are less than 3 mm in diameter. Potassium citrate is one of the drugs used in nephrolithiasis. Citrate prevents the formation of calcium deposits. It also inhibits calcium oxalate crystals, which can be the nidus for kidney stones. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of potassium polycitrate versus no treatment in the infants with microlithiasis.
Materials & Methods:In this descriptive-retrospective study, 112 patients referred to a pediatric nephrology clinic were enrolled.Children less than two years old with microlithiasis in kidneys or urinary tract confirmed by ultrasonography imaging were included in the study. Patients were randomly divided into two groups: the first group received potassium citrate solution of 1-2 mEq/kg of body weight daily for two months, and the second group did not receive any specific medication. Follow-up was performed every two months for six months using ultrasound by a skilled radiologist with a fixed ultrasound device. To minimize drug side effects and treatment response, the allergic responses were measured once every two months, and the physician decided drug will or will not continue. Data analysis was done by SPSS 19. The P values <0.05 were considered significant.
Results:The mean age of the study population was 4.13 ± 2.27 months. The mean weight in the total study population was 6.62±1.36 kg and the mean birth weight in the total study population was 3±0.41 kg. According to the results of the study, the decrease in the size or number of stones in one or both kidneys was more in the recipients of polycitrate solution and the increase in the size or number of stones in one or both kidneys was more in the infants not receiving polycitrate (P<0.001).Conclusions: Factors such as age, sex, current weight, birth weight and type of nutrition have no effect on improving and/or reducing the size and number of renal stones. However, in the group receiving potassium polycitrate solution, there was a significant reduction in the size and number of stones compared to the non-receiving group.
A-6 -months old infant was assessed with urinary tract infection. In the abdominal sonography left kidney was absent. In radiology report single kidney noted. DTPA SCAN was requested for evaluation of moderate hydronephrosis of the right kidney and ectopic in the chest area was seen. Then VCUG was requested for further evaluation that showed bilateral reflux in urinary system. The mass was seen in CXR that related to an ectopic kidney.
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