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Sanitary landfills are important means of disposing municipal solid waste in developing countries. However, these landfills are associated with the generation of leachate, which if untreated may pose severe public health risk and may damage the ecosystem in the long term. In this study, cockle shells were explored as an adsorbent media for the treatment of a stabilized landfill leachate. The optimum shaking speed, pH, and dosage for chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameter removal were investigated using the adsorbent media of particle sizes ranging from 2.00 mm to 3.35 mm. Leachate characteristics were then determined. Results indicated that leachate is non-biodegradable with high concentrations of COD (1763 mg/L), ammonia nitrogen (573 mg/L), and biochemical oxygen demand/COD (0.09). The optimum conditions for shaking were determined at 150 rpm according to the adsorption of COD by the media. Optimum pH and dosage was 5.5 and 35 g/L, respectively. The adsorption isotherms indicated that Langmuir isotherm is better fitted than Freundlich isotherm.

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Renewable and alternative fuels such as ethanol find application in several combustion devices. Fundamental characteristics of these fuels in terms of ignition and burning rate are to be understood in order to use them in these applications. In this study, a numerical analysis of auto ignition characteristics of ethanol is presented. Opposed flow configuration, in which fuel and nitrogen emerges from the bottom duct and hot air flows down from the top duct, has been employed. Commercial CFD software FLUENT is used in the simulations. Global single step mechanism is used to model kinetics. For various mass fractions of fuel, the air temperature at which auto-ignition occurs has been recorded. The numerical results are compared with the experimental data available in literature.

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