A novel electrochemical sensor based on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified by poly (1,2‐diaminoanthraquinone) (P1,2‐DAAQ) has been developed for individual and simultaneous determination of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). P1,2‐DAAQ was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and scan electron microscope (SEM). Several analytical parameters such as the type of electrolyte solution, polymer film thickness, metal deposition time and deposition potential were investigated and optimized. Optimal conditions were obtained by using five scan cycles for polymer synthesis and 120 seconds at −1.6 V for metal electrodeposition in acetate buffer solution. Good linear responses to Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ in the concentration range from 0 to 120 μg/L were obtained. The limit of detections (LOD) for simultaneous determination of Cd2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Hg2+ were 0.3 μg/L, 0.58 μg/L, 1.94 μg/L and 0.26 μg/L, respectively. The developed method was also applied for their detection in real water samples for which favorable results obtained compared with those obtained using inductively coupled plasma – optical emission spectroscopy (ICP‐OES).
The selenite ion is quantified electrochemically by selective complexation with poly(1-aminoanthraquione) to give a piaselenol complex on a modified p-AAQ/MWCNTs/CPE sensor.
A new sensor for the detection of copper (II) (Cu 2+ ) and antimony (III) (Sb 3+ ) metal ions is described herein. The sensor is based on multi-walled carbon nanotubes mixed with a carbon paste electrode modified by poly(1,5-diaminoanthraquinone) (p-1,5-DAAQ). The Cu 2+ and Sb 3+ ions were effectively detected by square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV) both individually and simultaneously. The proposed modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Poly(1,5diaminoanthraquinone)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes/carbon paste electrode (p-1,5-DAAQ/MWCNT/CPE) was utilized for electrochemical determination of Cu 2+ and Sb 3+ under pre-optimized conditions (i.e., deposition potential, deposition time, square wave frequency, and concentration of HCl). For simultaneous detection, a linear range of 1-180 μ l −1 was employed with a limit of determination (LOD) of 1.3 and 1.4 ng l −1 for Cu 2+ and Sb 3+ , respectively. Moreover, for individual detection, a linear range of 2-30 μg l −1 was used for Sb 3+ , while for Cu 2+ it was set at 0.5-25 μg l −1 , with a limit of detection of 205.7 ng l −1 and 1.9 ng l −1 for Cu 2+ and Sb 3+ , respectively. The effects of Tween 80 (nonionic surfactant) and humic acid on the metal peak current were also studied. Water samples spiked with both Cu 2+ and Sb 3+ were analyzed utilizing the proposed method as well as by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Overall, good recovery values were achieved, demonstrating the applicability of the described approach for the detection of metal ions in real water samples.
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