SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks remains a medical and economic challenge, due to the lack of a suitable drug or vaccine. The glycans in some proteins play a pivotal role in protein folding, oligomerization, quality control, sorting, and transport so the hindering of N-linked glycosylation of glycoproteins will prevent assembly of the virion. Tunicamycin and anticancer drug inhibit the N- linked glycans. Our study aimed to find out the mechanism action of tunicamycin on the viral glycoproteins. The growth of coronavirus in the presence inhibitor tunicamycin resulted in the production of spikeless, non-infectious virions which were devoid of S protein. We concluded that tunicamycin inhibits E2, S, and M glycoproteins of coronaviruses. Tunicamycin is also diminished glycosylation od PTMs such as HE, and 8 ab of SARS-CoV. Finally, we recommend using this drug to treat the SARS-CoV-2.

SARS-CoV-2 remains life-threatening human pathogen witnessed in the present world. Purpose. The key objective of this research was to incorporate a bioinformatics technique to forecast the molecular docking of the ACE2-associated SARS-CoVs nucleocapsid protein. Methods. Different bioinformatics tools were used in this study in order to compare the chemical structures with their biological behaviour at the levels of atoms and the ligand-binding affinity. This research sought to investigate new data analysis. Results. It was computed the basic 2D structure that occurs in all models, requiring ion ligand binding sites to be predicted. The highlights of the analysis and the associated characteristics are largely responsible for nucleocapsid protein and ACE2 receptor that can be further changed for improved binding and selectivity. Conclusions. The precise functional importance of protein-protein docking cannot be established. But the detection of molecular docking can aid in self-association proteins in our summary, serving as a regulatory switch for the protein’s localization.

A novel severe viral pneumonia emerged in Wuhan city, China, in December 2019. The spike glycoprotein of the SARS-CoV-2 plays a crucial role in the viral entry to the host cell and eliciting a strong response for antibody-mediated neutralization in mice. Caveolins 1,2 are scaffolding proteins dovetailed as a co-stimulatory signal essential for T-cell receptor and activation. Aminopeptidase is a membrane protein acting as a receptor for human coronavirus within the S1 subunit of the spike glycoprotein. Vaccines for COVID-19 have become a priority for predisposition against the outbreak, so that our study aimed to find interaction sites between SP of SARS-CoV-2 and CAV1, CAV2, and AMPN. Methods: Amino acids motif search was employed to predict the possible CAV1, CAV2, and AMPN related interaction domains in the SARS-CoV-2 SP In silico analysis. Results: Interactions between proteins revealed 5 and16 residues. ZN ligand binding site is matched between AMPN and SARS- CoV-2 SP. HLA-A*74:01 allele is the best CTL epitope for SP. We identified seven B-cell epitopes specifically for SARS-CoV-2 SP. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 SP binding sites might be compatible with AMPN ligand binding sites. The limit score was detected for ligand binding sites of CAV1 and CAV2. Our findings might be critical for the further substantial study of vaccine production strategy.

Questions that come to mind about the true genetic origin of the novel coronavirus and its direct source. As it is likely that these questions will be answered through aspects of the relationship between science and intelligence, the results of which will converge together in the end to some evidence. Materials and methods: The 29 complete coronavirus and HIV genomes were collected from various countries at random and conducted various bioinformatics instruments in order to find connections between viral sequences from various sources. Results: The closest similarity between the SARS-CoV-2 genomes approximately (99.98%). The small difference between genome sequences is considered as weak mutations occur even at the present time. This study revealed that the novel coronavirus had a structure identical to the HIV virus which it reached approximately 46.33%. Conclusions: It is not possible for the SARS-CoV-2 to be related to HIV through mutation, manipulation, or laboratory artificial. Laboratory mutation occurred in the Wuhan lab and led to the outbreak of the epidemic, deliberately or accidentally, and this will be determined later.

The research aimed to determine the concentrations of IgG and IgM antibodies for different intervals after recovery from Covid-19, namely 4, 6 and 8 months; the research also aimed to identify the accordance between two types of immunity techniques used to identify the existence of antibodies. The results showed the existence of IgG antibodies with a percentage of (94.03%), and IgM antibodies with a percentage of 55.22% in individuals under study when using ELISA technique. The percentages of these antibodies were (86.56%) for IgG and (16.42%) for IgM when using Rapid test cassette in diagnosis; the matching was 67% between the two methods. Samples of the control group also showed the presence of IgG and IgM with percentages of 68% and 88% respectively.The average concentrations of IgG antibodies were 33.05, 43.21 and 37.53 after 4, 6 and 8 months after infection respectively; the peak was at the 6th month after infection. The averages of IgM were 14.45, 18.52 and 19.18 after 4, 6 and 8 months of being infected respectively; the peak was at the 8th month after infection.