Resistance phenomena of infectious agents to synthesis drugs and the high cost of these drugs led to medicinal plants as an alternative against infectious disease. The objective of this study is to characterize different classes of secondary metabolites and to test the antibacterial activity of six plants: Bauhinia rufescens Lam, Blepharis linariifolia PERS, Chrozophora brocchiana Vis, Gardenia ternifolia Schum and Thonn, Indigofera astragalina DC, Phyllanthus pentandrus Schumach &Thonn, used in traditional medicine for children treatment. The extracts are obtained by aqueous decoction with the 1/10 model (50 g of each sample in 500 ml of solvent). Phytochemical screening of these six plants was carried out by standards tests, which are reactions of colorations, precipitation and complexation. The agr medium diffusion was used for the sensitivity test of the aqueous extracts of these plants against two strains of bacteria (two isolates of Salmonella typhimurium lettuce and clinical). Phytochemical screening showed the presence of polyphenols, tannins, flavonoids, coumarins, alkaloids, sterols/triterpenes in all tested extracts. All extracts contain saponins except Phyllanthus pentandrus. For free quinones, only Phyllanthus pentandrus and Indigofera astragalina showed a negative test. Among these six plants, five (5) showed an activity on Salmonella typhimurium at 200 mg/mL. C. brocchiana and P. pentandrus showed the best activity on S. typhimurium (lettuce) with 19.5±0.70 mm and 17.5±0.70 mm, respectively. At the concentration of 50 mg/mL, only these two plants are also showed antibacterial activity on S. typhimurium (lettuce). The results obtained indicate that these plants contain some secondary metabolites, some have antimiocrobial activity and constitute a scientific database for the research in the field of phytomedicines. These results will justify the use of these plants in the treatment of some infections.
Bridelia scleroneura Müll. Arg. is traditionally used in the southern part of Chad to treat diabete, hypertension and anemia. This study reports the chemical composition of B. scleroneura leaves, barks twigs extracts and their polyphenols contents and also their antibacterial activity. Phytochemicals were assessed by phytochemical screening and spectrophotometry. The microdilution method was used to evaluate the antibacterial activity of extracts against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC25923 /ATCC43300), Streptocococcus pneumonia (ATCC461916), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (HM801), Klebsiella pneumonia (clinical isolate), Salmonella typhi (clinical isolate) and Eschierichia coli (clinical isolate). The extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenes, steroids, polyphenols, tannins, quinones and flavonoids. The flavonoid content is higher in the leaves, tannin and polyphenol contents are higher in the barks. The antibacterial tests indicated that the bark extract exhibited a significant activity on Staphylococcus aureus.
The emergence of multidrug bacterial resistance poses a great public health problem and requires a constant search for new antibacterial agents. However, Niger’s flora possesses several medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to cure infectious diseases and can be used as sources of bioactive ingredients. This current study was designed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of eight plants used in the traditional pharmacopeia of Niger. The extracts were prepared by maceration using ethanol, methanol, and distilled water. The obtained extracts were screened against Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., and Escherichia coli using the microdilution method coupled with a resazurin-based assay. Phytochemical screening was performed using colorimetry, while the quantification of total polyphenols, total flavonoids, and total tannins was determined by spectrophotometry. Out of the eight plants obtained, five named Cassia italica, Limeum pterocarpum, Phyllanthus pentandrus, Strychnos innocua, and Ximenia americanum exhibited antibacterial activity with MICs ranging from 500 μg/mL to 2000 μg/mL. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, saponosides, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes/sterols, quinones, and polyphenols. The ethanolic and methanolic extracts of X. americana contained important quantities of total polyphenols, with 43.59 ± 0.15 and 41.97 ± 0.02 mg EAG/100 mg of extract, respectively. These extracts showed the highest contents of total tannins at 46.49 g/L and 45.52 g/L, respectively. For total flavonoids, the highest content was obtained with the methanolic extract of P. pentandrus, with 3.12 ± 0.01 mg QE/100 mg of extract. These findings justify the uses of these plants in traditional medicine for the treatment of infectious diseases such as diarrhea and can be used as starting points for the development of phytodrugs against infectious diarrhea.
The plants Cassia italica (Mill.) F.W. Anders, Limeum pterocarpum (L.), Strychnos innocua Del, Ipomoea asarifolia (DESR.) Roem. & Schult, Blepharis linariifolia Pers, Boscia senegalensis (Pers) Lam. Ex Poir, Neocarya macrophylla (Sabine) Prance, Phyllanthus pentandrus Schum & Tonn and Ximenia americanum L belong to different families and are used for the treatment of several pathologies. The aim of this review is to present the current state of research on the ethnopharmacological use of these medicinal plants and to give an overview of the significant results documented. Scientific information about these plants reported were used. Literature review was conducted using search engines and other scientific database websites for chemicals such as ChemSpider, PubChem. Phytochemical work on some of these plants has revealed the presence of several chemical groups and more than 100 compounds have been isolated from some of these plants. The isolated compounds belong to various chemicals classes such as stilbenes, flavonoids, terpenoids, Tannins. Some crude extracts showed a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as antiproliferative, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiplasmodial activities. This review provides an overview of the use, pharmacology and phytochemistry of these plants.
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