Objective: To evaluate the utility of transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) in assessing the pathologic causes of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB). Methodology: The descriptive study was conducted in Gynecology Unit Nishtar Hospital Multan from July-2021 to July-2022. A total of 80 women with diagnosis of AUB were recruited. Every patient with an AUB underwent TVS. The thickness of the endometrium, its echogenicity, the size of the uterus, and any uterine or adnexal abnormality observed. Results: Mean age was 46.16±9.50 years with range 25-60 years. Regarding menopausal status, 35 (43.75%) females were pre-menopausal and 45 (56.25%) were post-menopausal.On TVS findings, normal proliferative endometrium was found in 26 (32.5%) cases, endometrial polyps in 22 (27.5%) cases,myomas in 12 (15.0%) cases, hyperplasia in 12 (15.0%) cases, endometrial atrophy in 5 (6.25%) cases, and suspicious looking endometrium in 3 (3.75%) cases. Practical Implications: The study is very useful, knowledgeable, cost efficient and cost effective. Conclusion: TVS is a safe, rapid and cost-effective modality for the diagnosis of endometrial pathologies. Endometrial polyps, myomas and hyperplasia are common cause of AUB. Keywords: Transvaginal ultrasonography, abnormal uterine bleeding, polyps.
Objective: To determine the accuracy of CT chest in diagnosis of COVID-19 taking RT-PCR-testing as gold standard. Materials and Methods: A total of 150 patients of suspicion of COVID-19 who were referred for CT Chest in Radiology Department of Nishtar Medical University Multan from June-2020 to May-2021 were included. In all patients, two RT-PCR test results were obtained with 7 days of admission in hospital. Presence of any of these positive was labelled as COVID-19 infection. CT chest was performed in all patients within 2 days of admission in hospital using 128 slices CT scan machine. The diagnosis of COVID-19 infection was made according to the recommendations by Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) protocol. Results: Mean age was 51.3±14.7 years. 78 (52%) patients were male and 72 (48%) patients were female. RTPCR test was positive in 89 (59.3%) patients. While the CT chest findings were suggestive of COVID-19 infection in 130 (86.7%) patients. The sensitivity of CT chest was 95.5%, specificity 26.2%, PPV wad 65.4% and NPV was 80.0%. Conclusion: CT chest has a very good sensitivity for detection of COVID-19, it can be used as a rapid diagnostic tool especially in areas of pandemic. However, the specificity of CT chest is low, that can limit its use in low COVID-19 affected areas. Keywords: COVID-19, Computed tomography, False Positive, True Positive, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value.
Background: Takayasu arteritis (TA) alternatively known as a pulseless disease and aortic arch syndrome is an inflammatory and stenotic disease of medium-and large-sized arteries. Extensive research has revealed the prevalence of TA in Asia among teenagers and adults, resulting in consistent high blood pressure. In this study, selected patients with the prevalence of TA suspected on color Doppler ultrasound study were further evaluated with 128-slice computed tomography (CT) angiography. Methods: It is a prospective study consisting of 4012 patients who were referred to Radiology Department of Chaudhary Pervaiz Ellahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan (Pakistan) (which is a hub of vascular diseases), for 1 year. All patients underwent color Doppler ultrasound study for limb ischemia, renovascular hypertension, and carotid Doppler ultrasound for stroke-like symptoms, followed by CT angiography using 128-slice CT scan and low-osmolar contrast media. Maximum intensity projection, multiplanar reconstruction, and three-dimensional reconstruction of image data were done. Results: A total of 4012 patients were studied. Among them, six patients were diagnosed with the disease (TA) with a male:female ratio of 1:5. Conclusion: CT angiography is a very useful and reliable method of diagnosing TA, assessing disease activity, and a guide to treatment and follow-up.
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