In order to investigate the salt tolerance mechanism in Egyptian lentils, five cultivars were grown under different salinity levels. The results indicated that Giza 9 is salt-tolerant, while Giza 4 is a salt-sensitive lentil cultivar, as Giza 9 showed the highest germination percentage and relative water content, the lowest decline in root and shoot length, and the highest proline content. Relative gene expression of ADH, CYS3, APX, SOD, and GR was significantly upregulated in Giza 9 roots after 24 h of high salt treatment (250 mM), while CAT transcripts level was nonsignificantly reduced (0.5-fold) relative to control. However, in Giza 4, only CAT gene was significantly upregulated in both root (2.3-fold) and shoot (8.5-fold) tissues. Investigation of ascorbate-glutathione enzymatic activities revealed significantly higher ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase activities in Giza 9 roots compared to its shoots. Moreover, endogenous reduced glutathione (GSH) content as well as reduced ascorbate content were significantly high in the roots of Giza 9 compared to Giza 4. These results strongly indicate the involvement of ascorbate-glutathione cycle in the tolerance mechanism of Giza 9. Furthermore, exogenous application of 350 lM of GSH assisted Giza 4 seedlings to tolerate salinity stress. As far as we know, this is the first work reporting the involvement of ascorbate-glutathione cycle in salt tolerance of lentil.
Egyptian Journal of Botany http://ejbo.journals.ekb.eg/ 18 D ROUGHT is a prominent abiotic stress that has a global impact on crop yields. MicroRNAs have been shown to be significant modulators of plant drought tolerance. The impact of drought stress on three chickpea varieties (Giza 1, Giza 2, and Giza 3) and the expression profiles of miRNA genes were evaluated at various levels of polyethylene glycol (PEG) (0, 10%, 20%, and 30%). Increased PEG levels reduced germination percentage, root and shoot length, relative water content (RWC%), and photosynthetic pigments. The highest PEG level (30%) resulted in a significant decrease in germination percent, root, and shoot lengths. The largest reduction in germination percentage and root length was detected in Giza 2, whereas Giza 3 exhibited the highest germination percentage and root length. In addition, the highest RWC% was detected in Giza 3, whereas the lowest was recorded in Giza 2. These results suggest that Giza 3 is the most drought-resilient, whereas Giza 2 is the most drought-sensitive. The expression profiles of five microRNA (miRNA) genes in Giza 2 and Giza 3 revealed that at high drought stress (30% PEG), five miRNA genes were significantly reduced in both the roots and shoots of Giza 2, except miR408b, which was increased by 1.17-fold in the Giza 2 shoots. In contrast, they showed a significantly higher fold-change in both the roots and shoots of Giza 3, except for miR104, which was down-regulated in the roots of Giza 3. These findings suggest that up-regulated miRNA genes play a significant role in the drought tolerance of the chickpea Giza 3 variety.
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