Vitamin D may prevent dental caries. To date, no attempts have been made to examine the correlation between the incidence of caries and the concentrations of vitamin D in children with pituitary growth hormone deficiency.The study observed patients of the Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology of the University Paediatric Hospital of the Medical University of Lublin treated with human recombinant growth hormone for pituitary growth hormone deficiency (GHD). The study was conducted between October 2014 and June 2015. The study group consisted of 121 children and adolescents (6–17 years old), including 56 children from rural areas and 65 children from urban areas. The study group was stratified by area of residence.In our study, the increase in vitamin D3 [25(OH)D] levels reduced the D component by 0.66 per each 10 ng/mL of vitamin D3 concentration. The percentage of children with active caries in rural areas is 91.07% (n = 51), which is significantly higher than the percentage of children with active caries in urban areas (81.54%, n = 53).To date, information regarding the potential possibility of reducing the incidence of dental caries by means of increasing the levels of vitamin D was sidelined by paediatricians and dentists alike. Therefore, this aspect of caries prevention should be highlighted.
Prognosis in secondary malignant gliomas in children is poor (overall survival of 5, 10 and 19 months) despite intense therapy. Thus, protocols for paediatric ALL reduce prophylactic cranial irradiation in favour of intrathecal and intravenous high-dose MTX. Nevertheless, ALL survivors must undergo systematic, long-term surveillance for early detection of intracranial neoplasms.
During polymerization, composite materials cause a temperature rise which may lead to irreversible changes in the dental pulp. The mechanical properties of composite materials depend on a number of factors, such as the composition of the material, the type of polymerization unit, the polymerization mode, and the duration of polymerization. The objective of this study was to assess the temperature rise values and flexural strength of composite materials, as obtained using different modes and times of polymerization. A total of six composite materials were used in the study. Samples of each of the materials were cured using seven polymerization protocols. A CMP-401 digital meter (Sonel, Świdnica, Poland), complete with a type K thermocouple (NiCr-Ni), was used to record the temperature increases during the light curing of the resin composites. Temperature rises were recorded beneath the composite disc in an acrylic matrix. The specimens were tested for flexural strength using a Cometech QC-508M2 testing machine. The lowest results for the increased mean temperature were obtained for Fast-Cure 3 s (39.0 °C), while the highest results were obtained for Fast-Cure 20 s (45.8 °C). The highest average temperature values for all tested protocols were recorded for the Z550 Filtek material. Mean flexural strengths as measured in each test group were higher than the minimum value for composite materials as per the ISO:4049 standard. In the case of deep caries with a thin layer of dentin separating the filling from pulp, a base layer or a short polymerization duration mode is recommended to protect pulp from thermal injury.
Maintaining appropriate oral cavity hygiene in a young child is closely related to the health awareness and health-promoting behaviours of their parents/guardians, and especially that of the child’s mother. The aim of the study was to evaluate the knowledge of pregnant women regarding best practice oral hygiene procedures in young children. The survey involved 327 pregnant women aged 16-49 years, and the tool utilized was an anonymous questionnaire survey. The questionnaire included seven one-choice questions concerning basic information on proper oral hygiene procedures as should be practiced by young children. The statistical analysis was performed using Statistica PROGRAM 10 (StatSoft). The results of the survey reveal 60.55% of all surveyed had correct knowledge with regard to appropriate cleaning practices for the toothless oral cavity of an infant, that concerning the beginning of tooth brushing - 70.03%, tooth cleaning after night feeding - 39.76%, the duration of tooth brushing (at least 3-4 minutes) - 43.12%. What is more, the result of the survey demonstrate that slightly more than a half of the surveyed mothers (53.82%) would encourage their children to brush their teeth on their own from the first year of age, while 18.35% believe that children should be assisted in tooth brushing at least to their eighth year of age, and 59.63% would use fluoride toothpaste to brush their child’s teeth before he or she is one year old. Of the participants in this survey, pregnant women with university education, those living in large cities, or who are older, and those who had had previous pregnancies, show greater knowledge regarding suitable oral hygiene practices among young children. Our results reveal that extensive application of modern information technologies can be a means of preventing early childhood caries by facilitating the transmission of knowledge on proper nutrition and oral hygiene practices among young children.
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