Recreational fisheries in Brazil have increased in importance and attracted many foreign recreational fishers. The objectives of this article were to summarise the available data on Brazilian recreational fisheries, to discuss some of their features and to analyse how they are performing in different regions compared with international trends. A review of published and unpublished sources together with data from recreational fishing licences was used. The participation rate was low (0.9%). Overall, there was a high diversity of fish species, with the following species/group of species repeatedly reported: Menticirrhus spp., Centropomus spp., Cynoscion spp., and Micropogonias furnieri (marine/estuarine water), and Cichla spp., Hoplias malabaricus, and Piaractus mesopotamicus, together with the introduced Oreochromis niloticus and Coptodon rendalli (fresh water). The north‐eastern region differs from the other regions: fishing occurs mostly in marine waters and fishers acquire mainly shore‐based licences, have minimum fishing expenditures and rarely release fishes. There is no estimate of the total harvest or economic value. Conflicts include catch‐and‐release‐oriented freshwater and marine recreational fishers vs consumption‐oriented coastal fishers, tournament participants vs non‐participants, commercial fishers and other leisure activities, pollution, ports, species introductions and translocations, protected areas, and federal and state laws. Cases of smooth shifts from artisanal to recreational fishing were detected, possibly associated with changes in the societal relationship with natural resources.
Este trabalho trata da distribuição e abundância das principais espécies de peixes bentônicos explotados pelos linheiros ao largo do sudeste do Brasil (latitudes 18º-26ºS), no período 1986-1995, listadas a seguir, com as respectivas participações no total das capturas: batata = Lopholatilus vilariii Ribeiro = 33,4%, namorado = Pseudopercis numida Ribeiro = 18,4%, cherne = Epinephelus niveatus (Valenciennes) = 12,1%, garoupa = Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe) = 4,1% e badejo = Mycteroperca bonaci (Poey) = 3,1%. As pescarias ocorreram em águas tropicais (latitudes 18º- 23ºS) e subtropicais (latitudes 23º-26ºS), tendo como divisor zoogeográfico a ressurgência de Cabo Frio. Os dados foram agrupados por faixas de latitude e de profundidade, segundo espécies e estações do ano. As pescarias estiveram grandemente concentradas nas águas subtropicais, com tendência(s) de produtividade decrescente, à medida que aumenta(m) a latitude e/ou a profundidade dos pesqueiros explotados. Nas águas tropicais, as espécies dominantes foram a garoupa e o badejo, de forma indiscutível entre as latitudes 18º-20ºS, com maiores capturas em profundidades de até 80 metros. Nas águas subtropicais, as espécies dominantes sempre foram o batata, o namorado e o cherne, com maiores capturas em profundidades superiores a 100 metros, incluindo a parte superior do talude continental. A produção das cinco espécies principais apresentou tendências de variação estacional, mas apenas o cherne evidenciou deslocamento sazonal ao longo da costa. Foram comprovadas a menor diversidade e a maior biomassa de peixes bentônicos nas águas subtropicais.
The introduction of non-native predator fish is thought to have important negative effects on native prey populations. Opsanus beta is a non-native toadfish that was originally described in the Gulf of Mexico, between the west coast of Florida and Belize. In the present study, we describe, for the first time, the occurrence of O. beta in Sepetiba Bay (22°55′S), south-eastern Brazil, probably brought into the bay through ships' ballast water. Thirteen specimens were recorded in this area near to Sepetiba Port. Similarly, three other records of this species in the Brazilian coast were also reported near to port areas at Rio de Janeiro (22°49′S), Santos (23°59′S) and Paranaguá (25°33′S) ports. To confirm the species identity, we employed DNA barcoding and compared our samples with sequences deposited on public databases, which indicated that our samples are highly similar (>99.9% of genetic similarity) to O. beta samples collected near its type locality. Several individuals were found in the capable spawning phase, according to histological analysis of the reproductive cell stages. The environmental plasticity of this species and the favourable local environmental conditions probably enabled the establishment of O. beta in this region. This raises concerns of potential high invasion impact due to this species' diet and reproductive capacity.
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