This study aims to determine the role of type B progesterone receptor gene polymorphisms as a risk factor for pelvic organ prolapse in Balinese women. This paired case-control study involves 29 patients with pelvic organ prolapse as the case group and 29 patients without pelvic organ prolapse as the control group. The study was conducted at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar and the Integrated Biomedical Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University. Three milliliters of venous blood samples were taken from each patient and PCR examination was performed to determine the type b progesterone receptor gene polymorphisms. Risk assessment of the type b progesterone receptor gene polymorphism for pelvic organ prolapse was done by controlling for confounding variables, including age, parity, body mass index, occupation, menopausal status, and history of hysterectomy, through multiple logistic regression tests. The type b progesterone receptor gene polymorphism increased the risk of pelvic organ prolapse three times compared to non-prolapsed in Balinese women (OR 3.90, 95%CI 1.16-13.07, p = 0.023). After controlling for various confounding variables, type b progesterone receptor gene polymorphism still increased the risk of pelvic organ prolapse up to four times (AOR 4.54, 95%CI 1.16-17.68, p = 0.029). The type b progesterone receptor gene polymorphism significantly increases the risk of pelvic organ prolapse in Balinese women.
Introduction: Mitochondria are small organelles that are directly involved in many essential cellular functions. Mitochondria are very sensitive to the surrounding environmental conditions and are easily affected by various free radicals or ROS. Endometriosis is a disease associated with increased ROS. The effect of endometriosis on oocyte mitochondrial abnormalities or dysfunction has received limited attention. This study aims to determine the effect of exposure to follicular fluid in endometrioma patients on the presence of polar body I, distribution pattern, and intensity of mitochondrial fluorescence in mice oocytes. Methods: The study design was a randomized post-test only control group design using oocytes of immature Swiss mice exposed to follicular fluid from endometrioma patients. Follicular fluid was taken at the time of picking oocytes from infertility patients who participated in the FIV-ISIS program. Immature oocytes were matured in vitro (IVM) in culture media with follicular fluid added from endometrioma and non-endometriotic patients as a control. The presence of polar body I (oocyte maturation), fluorescence intensity (amount/metabolic activity) and mitochondrial distribution pattern were compared in the two groups. Data analysis with SPSS 16.0 program. Variable analysis was done by chi square test and independent t test. Results: Polar body I was significantly lower (30% vs 75%) in the treatment group compared to the control group (p=0,01). The pattern of diffuse distribution (30% vs 70%) was significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the control group (p=0,027). The mean fluorescence intensity (556,54 268.96 vs 818,07228.17) was significantly lower in the treatment group compared to the control group (p<0,001). Conclusion: The effect of exposure to follicular fluid in endometrioma patients significantly reduced the presence of polar body I, caused a change in distribution pattern and decreased the intensity of mitochondrial fluorescence in mice oocytes.
Background: Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes (PPROM) is one of the obstetric problems that needs special attention, apart from the high prevalence, cases of PPROM also often cause neonatal morbidity and mortality. Inflammation is thought to be the cause of the incidence of PPROM and has a relationship with the incidence of ascending genital tract infection. The physiological immune response to inflammation is characterized by an increase in the number of circulating platelets and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes. This study aims to evaluate the high ratio of platelets to lymphocytes of maternal blood serum is a risk factor for the occurrence of preterm PROM. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study with a sample size of 70 samples, and is divided into a risk group (preterm pregnancy with PROM) and a no-risk group (preterm pregnancy without PROM). This research was conducted in the Emergency Room maternity ward and Obstetrics and Gynecology outward patient at Sanglah Hospital Denpasar for the period December 2020 to May 2021. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 for Windows. Results: The results of the analysis of this study obtained a statistically significant difference (p = 0.000). The group with a high maternal blood serum platelet to lymphocyte ratio had a higher risk of developing preterm PROM compared to the group with a low maternal blood serum platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PR = 2.4, 95% CI = 1.60-3.69, p = 0.000). Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is the high maternal blood serum platelet to lymphocyte ratio is a risk factor for the occurrence of preterm PROM. Latar Belakang: Ketuban pecah dini (KPD) preterm merupakan salah satu masalah obstetri yang perlu mendapat perhatian khusus, selain karena prevalensi yang besar, kasus KPD preterm juga sering menyebabkan morbiditas dan mortalitas neonatus. Inflamasi diduga sebagai penyebab dari kejadian KPD preterm dan mempunyai hubungan dengan kejadian infeksi ascending traktus genital. Respon imun fisiologis terhadap inflamasi ditandai oleh peningkatan jumlah platelet yang beredar dan penurunan jumlah limfosit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bahwa tingginya rasio platelet terhadap limfosit serum darah ibu merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya KPD preterm. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross-sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 70 sampel, dan terbagi menjadi kelompok berisiko (kehamilan preterm dengan KPD) dan kelompok tanpa risiko (kehamilan preterm tanpa KPD). Penelitian ini dilakukan di kamar bersalin IGD serta Poli Obstetri dan Ginekologi RSUP Sanglah Denpasar periode Desember 2020 hingga Mei 2021. Data dianalisis dengan SPSS versi 26 untuk Windows. Hasil: Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna secara statistik (p = 0,000). Kelompok dengan nilai rasio platelet terhadap limfosit serum darah ibu yang tinggi memiliki risiko mengalami kejadian KPD preterm dibandingkan dengan kelompok dengan rasio platelet terhadap limfosit serum darah ibu yang rendah (PR = 2,4, IK 95% = 1,60-3,69, p = 0,000). Kesimpulan: Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah rasio platelet terhadap limfosit serum darah ibu yang tinggi merupakan faktor risiko terjadinya kejadian KPD preterm.
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