Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication is becoming an increasingly important part of mobile traffic and thus also a topic of major interest for mobile communication research and telecommunication standardization bodies. M2M communication offers various ubiquitous services and is one of the main enablers of the vision inspired by the Internet of Things (IoT). The concept of mobile M2M communication has emerged due to the wide range, coverage provisioning, high reliability, and decreasing costs of future mobile networks. Nevertheless, M2M communications pose significant challenges to mobile networks, e.g., due to the expected large number of devices with simultaneous access for sending small-sized data, and a diverse application range. This paper provides a detailed survey of M2M communications in the context of mobile networks, and thus focuses on the latest Long-Term Evolution-Advanced (LTE-A) networks. Moreover, the end-to-end network architectures and reference models for M2M communication are presented. Furthermore, a comprehensive survey is given to M2M service requirements, major current standardization efforts, and upcoming M2M-related challenges. In addition, an overview of upcoming M2M services expected in 5G networks is presented. In the end, various mobile M2M applications are discussed followed by open research questions and directions.
The vision of cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) across Europe can only be realized when harmonized solutions that support cross-border traffic exist. The possibility of providing CCAM services along different countries when vehicles drive across various national borders has a huge innovative business potential. However, the seamless provision of connectivity and the uninterrupted delivery of services along borders also poses interesting technical challenges. The situation is particularly innovative given the multi-country, multi-operator, multi-telco-vendor, and multi-car-manufacturer scenario of any cross-border layout. This paper introduces the challenges associated to a cross-border deployment of communication technologies through the analysis of three use cases: tele-operated driving, high-definition map generation and distribution for autonomous vehicles, and anticipated cooperative collision avoidance. Furthermore, a set of 5G solutions have been identified to ensure that CCAM services can be supported efficiently in cross-border scenarios. Faster handover of a data connection from one operator to another, generalized inter-mobile edge computing (MEC) coordination, and quality of service (QoS) prediction are some of the solutions that have been introduced to reduce the uncertainties of a real 5G cross-border deployment.
The vision of cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) along Europe can only be realized when harmonized solutions that support cross-border traffic exist. The possibility of providing CCAM services along different countries when vehicles traverse various national borders has a huge innovative business potential. However, the seamless provision of connectivity and the uninterrupted delivery of realtime services along borders also pose technical challenges which 5G technologies promise to solve. The situation is particularly challenging given the multi-country, multi-operator, multi-telcovendor, multi-car-manufacturer, and cross-generation scenario of any cross-border layout. Motivated by this, the 5GCroCo project, with a total budget of 17 million euro and partially funded by the European Commission, aims at validating 5G technologies in the Metz-Merzig-Luxembourg cross-border corridor, traversing the borders between France, Germany and Luxembourg. 5GCroCo validation will focus on three use cases: 1) tele-operated driving, 2) high definition map generation and distribution for automated vehicles, and 3) Anticipated Cooperative Collision Avoidance. The results will help reduce the uncertainties associated with eV2X communications across borders in Europe in preparation of commercial 5G deployment.
Cooperative, connected and automated mobility (CCAM) services along different countries require cross-border solutions to support seamless delivery of services in a multioperator, multi-telco-vendor, and multi-car-manufacturer scenario. The H2020 5GCroCo project will trial 5G technologies in the European cross-border corridor along France, Germany and Luxembourg, as well as in five small-scale trial sites. 5GCroCo analyses three cross-border use cases: tele-operated driving, highdefinition map generation and distribution for autonomous vehicles, and anticipated cooperative collision avoidance (ACCA). This paper presents the infrastructure, control architecture, backend software, and end-to-end service orchestration of the cross-border ACCA use case deployed in the Barcelona small-scale trial site.
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