The Arabic version of the CBI-B (CBI-BA) has acceptable evidence of translation validity. Two rounds of forward and back translation of the CBI-BA were needed to ensure semantic equivalence of the CBI-BA with the original instrument. Further psychometric testing with cognitive interviewing is recommended.
Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide and accounted for 9.6 million deaths in 2018 (WHO, 2018). Globally, the most prevalent cancers are lung, breast, colorectal, prostate, skin, and stomach cancer (National Cancer Institute, 2020). In Saudi Arabia, 24,485 new cases of cancer were detected in 2018 across all age groups and both sexes, including breast, colorectal, and thyroid cancer, leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; these were also the top five cancers leading to mortality (International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2018). Despite the small number of cancer cases in Saudi Arabia compared with the rest of the world, the number of cases is expected to increase each year due to radical lifestyle changes and the Saudi population's expected growth (Althubiti and Eldein, 2018). Therefore, understanding factors leading to cancer and warning symptoms of cancer could encourage individuals to pay more attention to their health concerns.The National Cancer Institute (2015) reported risk factors of cancer including age, heredity, exposure to chemical substances, and ionizing or ultraviolet radiation.
Compassion is the inherent moral and spiritual empowerment in nursing. It alleviates people's suffering and pain (Schantz, 2007).Compassionate care is one of the nursing profession's attributes. It appears when nurses interact with their patients and share the pain and suffering reflected in their behaviour and attitude (Burnell, 2009;Henderson & Jones, 2017). Oncology nurses, who treat people with cancer on a daily basis, require emotional endurance in dealing with difficult and hopeless situations. Caring for people with cancer along their journey of treatment from diagnosis to survival or the end of life entails compassion (Katz, 2019). However, the effects of compassion on oncology nurses are not always positive. Compassion reflects two faces of the one coin as described by Stamm (2010), who developed a professional quality of life (ProQOL) theory that involves compassion satisfaction (CS) and compassion fatigue (CF) experienced by those who act as helpers or care givers. Based on this theory, the ProQOL scale was developed by Stamm (2010), and it contains both positive and negative aspects of compassion. The ProQOL scale gives a numerical rating of ProQOL in CS and CF constructs, and it has been cited in more than one thousand studies, according to Google Scholar, and translated and validated in many languages and populations (
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