S U M M A R YBackground: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has a severe impact on patients' health-related quality of life (HRQL). The start of renal replacement therapy (RRT) significantly influences psychological, physical and social aspects of life. Objectives: To analyse the HRQL and psychological status (anxiety and depression) at the start of RRT. Methods: We undertook an observational descriptive cross-sectional study. A total of 152 patients starting RRT were recruited for the study. HRQL was measured by the Kidney Disease and Quality of Life Short Form questionnaire. Levels of anxiety and depression were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire. Comorbidities and sociodemographic and clinical factors were also evaluated. Findings: HRQL in patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) is significantly affected by the initiation of RRT in all respects. States of anxiety and depression were present in 26.6% and 27% of patients, respectively. These states are significantly related to the emotional component of the quality of life. Conclusion: The initiation of RRT has a strong impact on HRQL in comparison with a reference population and with other stages of CKD. The early detection of an altered psychological state is important, as this condition should be treated from the first stages of the disease, as it can significantly affect the subsequent development of RRT and the patient's quality of life.
SUMMARY Background Survival for patients commencing renal replacement therapy is around 90% in the first year and 83% at two years after starting dialysis. The factors that appear to predict mortality are comorbidity and frailty associated with kidney disease, glomerular filtration rate, age and biochemical factors. Objectives To analyse the condition of patients starting renal replacement therapy, based on biomarkers commonly used in clinical practice and their association with mortality, measured 6 and 12 months after initiating replacement therapy. Methods A one‐year prospective follow‐up study with 189 patients. Sociodemographic variables, aetiology of renal disease, comorbidities, prior nephrology service monitoring, prior renal transplantation and biochemical parameters at the time of initiating replacement therapy were analysed. Results The overall percentage of death during the one‐year follow‐up was 6.87%, with 64% of deaths occurring during the first six months. The only variable independently associated with mortality was low albumin levels. Conclusion Although most patients in this centre are monitored by a nephrologist prior to starting replacement therapy, many nevertheless fail to achieve the biochemical targets recommended. One such parameter is albumin, which proved at the start of replacement therapy to be an independent predictor of mortality. Findings of this study show the need to intervene on certain biochemical parameters during the pre‐dialysis stage and at the start of dialysis, in order to improve survival in this group of patients.
Introducción: En los últimos años han cobrado especial importancia aspectos tales como la calidad de vida, la salud percibida y la satisfacción del enfermo. El objetivo de este estudio, es valorar el nivel de satisfacción de pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica con los cuidados recibidos, cuando inician por primera vez la terapia renal sustitutiva.
ResumenLa remisión precoz del paciente con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada al especialista y una atención nefrológica integrada y especializada en la etapa prediálisis, proporcionada por un equipo multidisciplinar, ha demostrado tener importantes beneficios sobre pacientes en fase avanzada de la enfermedad renal que inician tratamiento renal sustitutivo. Objetivo: determinar si existe riesgo de alteraciones a nivel físico, psicológico o de la calidad de vida en pacientes que inician terapia sustitutiva renal en función de si han tenido seguimiento nefrológico multidisciplinar en la etapa prediálisis. Material y métodos: estudio observacional trasversal analítico sobre una muestra de 90 pacientes que inician terapia sustitutiva renal. Resultados: El 86,5% de los pacientes estudiados fue seguido por el nefrólogo en la etapa prediálisis, solo el 37,8% de los pacientes fue atendido por la enfermera. El 27,8% de los pacientes mostraban elevados niveles de ansiedad al iniciar diálisis. No se encontraron diferencias en la calidad de vida relacionado con la salud entre pacientes seguidos o no por la enfermera en la etapa prediálisis. Conclusiones: Un porcentaje muy bajo de pacientes son seguidos en la consulta de enfermería prediálisis, no existiendo diferencias significativas en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud entre ambos grupos. Si se encontraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a la ansiedad; el grupo de pacientes atendidos por la enfermera en la etapa prediálisis presentan mayores niveles de ansiedad que los no atendidos. No differences in quality of life associated with health among patients followed or not by the nurse in the predialysis phase were found. Conclusions: A very small percentage of patients are followed in predialysis nurses, with no significant differences in quality of life related to health between the two groups. If significant differences were found with regard to anxiety; the group of patients seen by the nurse in the predialysis stage have higher levels of anxiety that unattended. PALABRAS CLAVE KEYWORDS -ERCA -NURSING CONSULTATION -QUALITY OF LIFE -ANXIETY / DEPRESSION ORIGINAL IntroducciónLa enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) presenta para nuestra sociedad actual un grave problema de salud pública, tanto por su elevada incidencia y prevalencia
La fragilidad se puede definir como un estado fisiológico de mayor vulnerabilidad a los factores de estrés, que resultan de la disminución de las reservas fisiológicas o la desregulación de múltiples sistemas fisiológicos1. La opinión predominante es que una disminución fisiológica, asociada a la enfermedad o la edad, que individualmente no alcanza importancia clínica, al afectar a múltiples sistemas y tener un carácter acumulativo, puede ser detectado como fragilidad2. La fragilidad es señalada por distintos autores como un fuerte predictor de discapacidad, hospitalización, caídas, pérdida de la movilidad y enfermedad cardiovascular3, siendo los individuos frágiles más vulnerables a los episodios adversos2.
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