The present study aimed at investigating the effects of different dietary crude protein (CP) and threonine (Thr) levels on the performance, immune responses and jejunal morphology of broiler chicks. A total of 432 broiler chicks were randomly assigned to a 3×3 factorial arrangement of treatments including three different CP dietary levels (90, 95, and 100% of Ross 308 recommendations) and Thr (100, 110, and 120% of Ross specifications) dietary levels. Performance parameters were recorded for the starter (1-12 days), grower (13-24 days) and finisher (25-42 days) periods. Birds were subjected to different antigen inoculations to evaluate antibody responses. At day 42 of age, two randomly-selected birds per replicate were slaughtered to measure carcass traits. Although Thr dietary supplementation had no marked effect on Newcastle antibody titers, particularly the supplementation of Thr up to 110% of Ross specifications improved (p<0.05) antibody titers against sheep red blood cells during both primary and secondary responses. Reduction of dietary CP level resulted in significant decrease in villus height (p<0.05) and crypt depth (p<0.01) in jejunal epithelial cells, but the supplementation of low-CP diets with Thr up to 110 and 120% of the recommended values allowed overcoming these changes. Except for the starter period, reducing dietary CP level to 90% of Ross recommendations had no harmful effects on performance parameters; however, the best values were obtained with diets containing 110% Thr. The present results indicate that it is possible to reduce dietary CP level up to 10% after the starter period without any detrimental impact on growth performance, and dietary Thr supplementation up to 110% of Ross values may compensate for low CP-induced growth delay in broiler chicks.

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Purpose: To evaluate antibacterial activity of a series of molecules bearing 1,3,4-oxadiazole and azomethine moieties. Methods:The 4-chlorobenzoic acid (1) was precursor to N '-substituted-2-(5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)

Purpose: To study the enzyme inhibition activity of various sulfonamides derived from dagenan chloride. (2) Methods: The synthesis of N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-4-acetamidobenzenesulfonamide (3) was carried out by gearing up 1-naphthylamine (1) with dagenan chloride

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Purpose: To synthesise a new series of 3,benzyl sulfide and evaluate their antibacterial activity. Methods: Different organic acids were converted consecutively into corresponding esters,3,. The targets, 6a-e were synthesized by stirring 4a-e with 4-(4-(bromomethyl) 11.01 ± 0.31, 15.37 ± 3.33, 16.11 ± 1.14, 9.70 ± 1.96, 10.01 ± 2.70 and 9.15 ± 0.29, respectively. However, none , S. typhi (-), E. coli (-), K. pneumoniae (-), P. aeruginosa (-), B. subtilis (+) and S. aureus (+) with MIC (μM) values of