Many synthetic biostimulants containing amino acids, macro-and microelements, humic acids and, sometimes, algae extracts have been used effectively for stimulating and increasing of fruit trees yield. The foliar spray with some PGPR (plant growth promoting rhizobacteria) has proved high potentiality in stimulating and increasing plant yield. The current study is concerned with the use of some PGPR types (Azospirillum brasilense, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillis polymyxa) as an alternative to some commercial synthetic biostimulants i. e. Jisamar (J) and Furdos (F) in stimulating and improving yield of "Anna" apple trees.The study field of apple trees (eight years old) was chosen at El-Bostan area, El-Behira Governorate, Egypt. The trees were sprayed twice with the different stimulators, the first was at fruit set and the second was done after 30 days from fruit set. The control trees were sprayed with water.The microorganisms which were used for spray were counted in the plant phyllosphere and they showed heavy increase in the phyllosphere of the treated plants. The spray with the synthetic biostimulants showed remarkable improvement to the plant morphological characteristics, e. g. shoot length, shoot diameter, leaf area, leaf dry weight and leaf content of chlorophyll a, b and total chlorophyll. While, specific leaf weight (SLW) did not significantly change. Likewise, the spray with bacterial biostimulants proved similar potentiality as synthetic ones, and even, sometimes, surpassed them. The spray with Azospirillum brasilense gave the highest fruit yield; 45.1 and 41.2 kg/tree versus 33.5 and 32.0 kg/tree for control treatment in 2009 and 2010 seasons, respectively. The spray with Jisamar and Furdos gave 37.4 and 33.2 kg/tree and 36.5 and 34.7 kg/tree, respectively. The experimental treatments, raised the net return (£E/feddan) over that of control. Azospirillum brasilense spray attained the highest net return i. e. 21595 versus 16660, 16870 and 15650 £E/feddan for treatments of Jisamar, Fordose and control, respectively. Therefore, the substitution of synthetic biostimulant products with biological ones may be suitable for improving the plant growth, increasing productivity and raising the net return per feddan of Anna apple trees.
A field experiment was conducted in a silty clay soil at Damas village, Mit Ghamr, Dakahlia using faba bean during 2007-2008 winter season to study the response of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cv. Giza 3, to inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. Viciae either solely or dually with Bacillus megatherium var. phosphaticum under three levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0, 15 and 30 kg P2O5 fed -1 ) on leaves chlorophyll content, nodulation, seed yield and its components and seed protein. Also on N, P and K content of seed and straw, available nitrogen and phosphorus in soil and numbers of phosphate dissolving bacteria in rhizosphere plant after 30, 60 and 90 days from sowing. Results revealed that the dual inoculation with Rhizobia and Bacillus gave significant increases in chlorophyll a and a + b, number of nodules/plant, dry weight of nodules/ plant and nitrogenase activity after 75 days from sowing. Yield and its components, seed protein % and seed protein content increased significantly by inoculation or increasing of phosphorus fertilizer rate or their combination where, the increase in seed yield and seed protein content recorded about 35 and 57%, respectively, over control (uninoculated treatment).Regarding N, P and K content in faba bean seed and straw, data showed significant increases as a result of increasing in P fertilizer or due to bacterial inoculation especially a dual inoculation. The soil available P and N increased significantly by either inoculation or P-fertilizer, in response to the use of 30 kg P2O5 fed -1 .Finally, results confirmed the necessity of dual inoculation with Rhizobia and Bacillus in combination with applying 30 kg P2O5 as P-fertilizer for faba bean growth and productivity and for improvement of soil fertility.
This work is an important strategy for understanding the local best usage of either N-mineral or N-bio-sources, whether be under demand for agricultural utilization projects. Also, it represents a huge challenge and technical solution for alleviating the possible adverse fears of human health through environmental risks as a result of excessive use of the nitrogenous chemical fertilizers for fertilizing some cereal crops as well as to support the newly technique of "clean, bio-and organic agriculture".So, a field experiment was conducted on a clayey soil during two successive seasons of 2008-2009 and 2009-2010 at Damas village, Mit Ghamer district, El-Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt, to identify the outcome of replacing 25 % from the recommended N-mineral dose (RND) of wheat crop by using a bio-inoculation with Paenibacillus polymyxa bacteria under different rates of Zn-EDTA (i.e., 0, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg fed -1 as soil application) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L., Sakha 93 cv.) vegetative growth as well as harvest Mostafa A. Nasef et al.
Two-field experiments were conducted at Nubaria Agricultural Research Station, ARC. in summer seasons of 2006 and 2007; consecutively to study the response of soybean cultivar Giza 111, inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum, to different rates of phosphorus fertilizer in the presence of Bacillus megatherium, Bacillus polymyxa or a mixture of both to give a highlight on the role of these microorganisms in increasing enzymatic activity in soil after 75 days of sowing and in increasing soybean yield and N, P and K seeds contents under the calcareous soil conditions in Nubaria. With respect to nitrogenase activity of nodules and rhizosphere and nodules weight, data show that the inoculation increased significantly nitrogenase activity (N2ase) of nodules in both seasons, while it gave a significant increase in nodules weight of the 2 nd season. N2-ase of rhizosphere soil increased significantly in the 1 st season as a result of inoculation. Regarding the effect of inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer on dehydrogenase activity (DHA) of rhizosphere soil, results indicated that inoculation with both bacteria led to a significant increase in DHA only in the 2 nd season. Results showed also that inoculation of soybean seeds with a mixture of both bacteria plus 30 kg P2O5/fed gave the highest significant grain yield, 100-grain weight, protein yield and N, P, and K contents of soybean seeds in both tested seasons over uninoculated treatments. Consequently, results revealed that inoculation of soybean seeds with B. polymyxa combined with 30 kg P2O5/fed produced significantly the highest oil yield as compared to uninoculated treatment.It can be concluded that the improvement of soybean yield and its quality could be achieved by the application of 30 kg P2O5/fed together with inoculation of seeds with (Bradyrhizobium japonicum and a mixture of B. megatherium, B. polymyxa) under calcareous soil conditions.
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