For experiments with ions confined in a Paul trap, minimization of micromotion is often essential. In order to diagnose and compensate micromotion we have implemented a method that allows for finding the position of the radio-frequency (rf) null reliably and efficiently, in principle, without any variation of direct current (dc) voltages. We apply a trap modulation technique and focus-scanning imaging to extract three-dimensional ion positions for various rf drive powers and analyze the power dependence of the equilibrium position of the trapped ion. In contrast to commonly used methods, the search algorithm directly makes use of a physical effect as opposed to efficient numerical minimization in a high-dimensional parameter space. Using this method we achieve a compensation of the residual electric field that causes excess micromotion in the radial plane of a linear Paul trap down to 0.09 V/m. Additionally, the precise position determination of a single harmonically trapped ion employed here can also be utilized for the detection of small forces. This is demonstrated by determining light pressure forces with a precision of 135 yN. As the method is based on imaging only, it can be applied to several ions simultaneously and is independent of laser direction and thus well-suited to be used with, for example, surface-electrode traps.
We adopt thick-film technology to produce ultra high vacuum compatible interfaces for electrical signals. These interfaces permit voltages of hundreds of volts and currents of several amperes and allow for very compact vacuum setups, useful in quantum optics in general, and in particular for quantum information science using miniaturized traps for ions (Kielpinski et al. in Nature 417:709, 2002) or neutral atoms (Folman et al. circuits can also be useful as pure in-vacuum devices. We demonstrate a specific interface which provides 11 current feedthroughs, more than 70 dc feedthroughs and a feedthrough for radio frequencies. We achieve a pressure in the low 10 −11 mbar range and demonstrate the full functionality of the interface by trapping chains of cold ytterbium ions, which requires the presence of all of the above mentioned signals. In order to supply precise time-dependent voltages to the ion trap, a versatile multi-channel device has been developed.
We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a segmented surface ion trap with integrated current carrying structures. The latter produce a spatially varying magnetic field necessary for magnetic gradient induced coupling between ionic effective spins. We demonstrate trapping of strings of 1 72Yb + ions, characterize the performance of the trap and map magnetic fields by radio frequency-optical double resonance spectroscopy. In addition, we apply and characterize the magnetic gradient and demonstrate individual addressing in a string of three ions using RF radiation. field gradient and exploiting an inhomogeneous Zeeman effect [13,14,15,16,17] which allows addressing in frequency space. In this way, low crosstalk can be achieved [16]. For addressing of individual ions it has also been proposed [18] and demonstrated [19] to use inhomogeneous laser fields, and addressing has been demonstrated using oscillating microwave gradients [20].Coupling between internal and motional states of trapped ions -needed for conditional quantum dynamics with several ions -is negligible in usual ion traps when RF radiation is applied. In the presence of a static [13,15] or oscillating [21] magnetic field gradient, however, such coupling is induced. Also, coupling between spin states of different ions [14,16,17] arises in a spatially varying magnetic field and is thus termed magnetic gradient induced coupling (MAGIC).A static gradient can be generated by permanent magnets [15,16] or by current loops that allow to introduce a time dependence. This was implemented into 3d ion trap designs [22], discussed for planar geometries [23], and applied for arXiv:1307.0949v2 [physics.atom-ph]
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