Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund
Studien belegen, dass die Bevölkerungsgruppe der Personen ab 65 Jahren über eine unzureichende Gesundheitskompetenz (GK) verfügt. Es gibt nur wenige kommunale Angebote zur Stärkung der GK für diese Adressaten.
Ziel der Arbeit
Ziel war die Entwicklung und Erprobung einer GK-Intervention in den Bereichen Gesundheitsförderung und Selbstmanagement chronischer Erkrankungen älterer Menschen im kommunalen Setting.
Material und Methoden
Es wurde ein 53-wöchiges Programm mit selbstständig arbeitenden Senior*innengruppen und Peer-Moderation in 14 Gemeinden Bayerns und Sachsen-Anhalts partizipativ entwickelt und umgesetzt. Die Wirkung der Intervention auf die Gesundheitskompetenz wurde anhand eines quasiexperimentellen Evaluationsdesigns zu 3 Messzeitpunkten mittels des HLS-EU-Q16 untersucht.
Ergebnisse
Von den 183 eingeschlossenen Personen (Durchschnittsalter: 69,1 ± 6,7 Jahre; 20,8 % männlich) verfügten 44,1 % der Teilnehmenden (TN) und 34,5 % der Gruppenleitung (GL) zu Beginn der Intervention über eine unzureichende oder problematische GK (am Ende: 36,4 % der TN, 27,6 % der GL). Eine ANOVA mit Messwiederholung (F [1,91, 346,85] = 16,95, p < 0,001, partielles η2 = 0,085) ergab einen statistisch signifikanten Effekt der Intervention auf die GK-Werte der Senior*innen. Ähnliche Effekte zeigten sich auch in den einzelnen Subdimensionen der GK.
Diskussion
Die Struktur der GeWinn-Intervention mit dem Prinzip selbstständig arbeitender Gruppen in Kommunen eignet sich zur Steigerung der Gesundheitskompetenz älterer Menschen. Im Zuge der nachhaltigen Verankerung sollten in Zukunft verstärkt vulnerable Zielgruppen (bspw. Senior*innen mit niedrigem Sozialstatus, Migranten) angesprochen und einbezogen werden.
BACKGROUND
Food allergy in children is increasing in prevalence in the western world and appears to become an important health problem. Parents of children at risk of food allergy live with the fear of allergic reaction, especially when the children are very young. The paradigm shift in allergy prevention in the last decade—away from allergen avoidance toward a tolerance induction approach—challenges both parents and health care professionals, as they have to deal with changing information and new evidence that often contradicts previous assumptions. Yet, research on health information–seeking behavior and needs of parents on primary prevention of food allergy in children as well as on prediction and prevention strategies of German health care professionals is lacking.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study is to explore and understand parents’ and health care professionals’ perspectives on the prediction and prevention of food allergies. We are particularly interested in information needs, information seeking, and health care usage and place a special focus on families’ experiences when their child is at risk or diagnosed with food allergies. Furthermore, food allergy prediction and prevention strategies of health care professionals will be explored.
METHODS
This study is part of the NAMIBIO (food allergy biomarker) app consortium, which aims to identify early predictors for the development of food allergy in children and develop apps to guide health care professionals and parents of children with a high risk of food allergy toward prevention and timely tolerance induction. The study uses a qualitative approach with topic-guided interviews and focus groups with parents of children (0-3 years) and health care professionals. Data collection will continue until theoretical saturation is reached. The qualitative content analysis will be used according to Kuckartz to identify overarching themes toward information needs and seeking behavior as well as usage of health care and health care professionals’ predictive and preventive strategies. In addition, a constructivist grounded theory approach will be used to explore and understand parents’ experiences, interactions, and social processes in families in daily life.
RESULTS
Recruitment and data collection started in February 2022 and is still ongoing.
CONCLUSIONS
The qualitative study will provide insight into parents’ information-seeking behavior and needs regarding the prevention of food allergy in children, parents’ use of pediatric primary care, and health care professionals strategies for the prediction and prevention of food allergies in children. We assume that our results will highlight the challenges associated with the paradigm shift in allergy prevention for both parents and health care professionals. The results will be used to make practical recommendations from the user’s perspective and inform the development of the NAMIBIO apps.
INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT
DERR1-10.2196/41436
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.