Over the past several decades, a noticeable amount of research efforts has been directed to minimising injuries and death to people inside a structure that is subjected to an impact loading.\ud
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Thin-walled (TW) tubular components have been widely employed in energy absorbing structures to alleviate the detrimental effects of an impact loading during a collision event and thus enhance the crashworthiness performance of a structure.\ud
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Comprehensive knowledge of the material properties and the structural behaviour of various TW components under various loading conditions is essential for designing an effective energy absorbing system.\ud
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In this paper, based on a broad survey of the literature, a comprehensive overview of the recent developments in the area of crashworthiness performance of TW tubes is given with a special focus on the topics that emerged in the last ten years such as crashworthiness optimisation design and energy absorbing responses of unconventional TW components including multi-cells tubes, functionally graded thickness tubes and functionally graded foam filled tubes.\ud
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Due to the huge number of studies that analysed and assessed the energy absorption behaviour of various TW components, this paper presents only a review of the crashworthiness behaviour of the components that can be used in vehicles structures including hollow and foam-filled TW tubes under lateral, axial, oblique and bending loading
In the phase of the study reported, the sol-gel technique was followed in the preparation of cobalt ferrite amorphous powder following the same procedure which was selected as the best approach as described in a previous study. It was assumed that there must be a correlation between the heat treatment operational parameters and the structural properties of the material being synthesized. Similarly, it was understood that some heat treatment is necessary to completely decompose the organic and nitrate contents present in the amorphous powder. Having ensured that the heat treatment parameters could be changed without producing a material with poorer properties, it was then possible to produce batches of powders using milder conditions in the heat treatment operation. The particle size distributions of these new batches of nanoparticles were estimated to be in the range 7-28 nm and since the results showed promise, their magnetic properties were also determined.
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