The antidiabetic effects of Ethyl acetate (Et-Ac), Petroleum-ether (Pet-ether), and Chloroform fractions from ethanolic extract of the leaves of Ocimum sanctum were investigated in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats (AIDRs). The effect of these fractions (200 mg/kg body weight i.p) on fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminases, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminases (SGOT, SGPT) level, and liver glycogen content were investigated in AIDRs and found significant effects. The most significant reduction of FBG level of around 80.19% was observed for Et-Ac fraction in AIDRs. A significant reduction (p< 0.01) in serum TC and TG level of 54.49% and 79.78% respectively was also found for Et-Ac fraction of O. sanctum. The hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities were comparable to metformin HCl (150 mg/kg). In severely diabetic rats, liver glycogen content was decreased by 50.60%. Administration of these fractions to the AIDRs resulted in the significant elevation of liver glycogen content. In diabetic rats, SGOT and SGPT levels were significantly elevated that were further reduced after intraperitoneal administration of these fractions. These results indicate that different fractions of O. sanctum have favorable effects in bringing down the severity of diabetes together with hepatoprotectivity.
Antibacterial activity of acidic, basic and neutral fractions of petrol, ether and chloroform extracts of 39 plant species with a total of 351 fractions is reported. Activity was observed with in 65 (~19%) of the fractions, mostly in the ether fractions (52%), followed by chloroform fractions (~35%), while petrol fractions were the least active (~15%). In sum, ~52% of the acids/phenols, ~17% basic and ~35% of the neutral fractions exhibited activity. None of the aqueous residual fractions showed significant activity.
Antimycotic activity of acidic, basic and neutral fractions of petrol, ether and chloroform extracts of 27 plant species (30 plant parts) with a total of 270 fractions is reported. Activity was recorded in 12.5%, mostly (57%) in the chloroform fractions, followed by ether (31.5%), while petrol fractions were the least active (11.5%). On the whole, 56% of the acids/phenols, 14% basic and 30% of the neutral fractions exhibited activity. None of the aqueous residual fractions showed any significant activity. An attempt was made to correlate the activity of the fraction with the class of compounds it contained.
Antimycotic TestsTrichophyton mentagrophytes and Candida albicans were obtained from the stock culture of the Department Pharmaceutical Biology Downloaded from informahealthcare.com by CDL-UC San Diego on 08/23/15For personal use only.
The present study was carried out to investigate possible antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal activities of ethanol extract of Feronia limonia leaves. Phytochemical analysis of the crude extract was performed to detect presence of different kinds of phytoconstituents. The antibacterial activity was investigated against four Gram positive and four Gram negative bacteria by using disc diffusion method. The plant extract showed moderate antibacterial activity against Gram positive bacteria namely Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus pyogenes and all tested Gram negative bacteria namely Escherichia coli, Shigella boydii, Shigella dysentery and Shigella flexneri in dose dependant manner. The results of castor oil-induced diarrhoeal study showed that Feronia limonia extract significantly reduced the severity & frequency of diarrhoea in mice at a higher dose of 500 mg/kg compared with the standard drug loperamide (25 mg/kg). The present study clearly supports the medicinal value of this plant. The overall results indicate the possibility of presence of some active principles in the plant extract possessing antibacterial and antidiarrhoeal actions.
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