The chronic secretory otitis media (CSOM) is a common disease in children. Its cardinal symptoms are recurrent middle ear effusions and conductive hearing loss. Until today, the pathophysiological mechanism of this disease remains unknown. The correlation with adenoids and tubal dysfunction during childhood seems to be obvious, but the origin of middle ear effusions still has to be clarified. It is known that the CSOM affects the mucociliary system in several ways. In order to find out more about these correlations, the ciliary beat frequency was examined in 123 samples of infantile middle ear mucosa suffering from CSOM. Samples were surveyed using a stroboscopic microscopy method. The results of this study showed a significant decrease of ciliary beat frequency (CBF) to an average of 7.4 s(-1) in children with a CSOM. The healthy group of control showed a frequency of 10.1 s(-1). The measured CBF dataset was correlated with microbiological findings. We found a typical bacterial profile in nearly all the cases that were examined but were unable to find a specific bacterium decreasing CBF. This study provides evidence for the diminution of CBF in cases of CSOM in comparison to a healthy control group. Our findings emphasize the importance of stopping the vicious circle of recurrent effusions by paracentesis or grommet insertion.
Antimicrobial proteins like human beta-defensins 1-4 (hBD1-4) protect the surface of organs against different bacteria. Little is still known about these proteins within an abscess formation. The purpose of this study was to analyse and describe the distribution of the antimicrobial proteins hBD 1-4 within the peritonsillar abscess. A total of 17 peritonsillar abscesses were analysed. Immunohistochemical stainings were performed, characteristic pictures were taken, and the mean colour intensity was measured using a specific imaging software. A statistical analysis compared the areas of interest of the specific protein staining with the one of the control staining. A total of 4,573 areas of interests were measured. A significantly stronger expression was detected for hBD1 in the surface epithelium, crypt, epithelium of the crypt, lymphocytic cap, and abscess formation in the hBD1 staining in comparison to the control samples. But there was no significance in the specific hBD1-protein expression in comparison to the control samples in the lymphoid follicle and in the germinal centre. There was a significantly stronger hBD2, hBD3, and hBD4 expression in all areas of interest for the specifics stainings in comparison to the control samples. In conclusion, we developed different scenarios which could lead to a peritonsillar abscess formation.
Human temporal bones in teaching ear surgery are rare. The lamb's temporal bone might be a possible alternative. Material and Methods:Temporal bones of the lamb were dissected with a typical temporal bone lab drilling program. We included a mastoidectomy, endaural approaches, but also analyzed the outer appearance, the external ear canal and the hypotympanon. Some steps differed from preparation done in humans. The morphometric results were compared to the known anatomy of human in order to verify the lambs` temporal bone for suitability in otosurgic training. Results:The lambs' temporal bone appears smaller than the human one. We found a bullous extended hypotympanon located under the external ear canal. The tympanic membrane is very similar to the human one. The external ear canal is smaller and shorter. The ossicular chain shows analogies to human one.Discussion: This study shows, that especially the middle ear, the tympanic membrane and the external ear canal are morphologically equal to the structures found in human temporal bones. The lamb seems feasible for teaching the anatomy of the ear. The smaller scales of some structures, especially the outer components of the temporal bone are a disadvantage. Conclusions:The lamb seems to be an alternative in teaching ear surgery. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2011;77(1):51-7. ORIGINAL ARTICLE BJORL
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