Pre-harvest desiccation is an important strategy to anticipate harvesting, preventing the seed from being left in the field in unfavorable climatic conditions. However, little is known about the use of desiccants and their application times on cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of desiccant application at different seasons and of desiccant herbicides on productivity and physiological quality of cowpea seeds. Five dessicants were evaluated: paraquat, paraquat sequential application, glufosinate-ammonium, glyphosate with sequential application of paraquat and paraquat + diuron mixture applied in four seasons: 50% of the pods with green coloration and with seeds formed (season I); 70% of the pods in the purple coloration (season II), 90% of the pods in the coloration brown (season III) and 100% of the pods in the coloration brown (season IV), plus a control without the application of desiccants, in which harvesting was performed when 100% of the pods were brown. The number of days of anticipation of harvest, productivity, uniformity test, mass of one hundred seeds, germination and vigor of the seeds were evaluated. None of desiccation strategies affect the physiological seed quality, independent of the application season. The desquaments paraquat, glufosinate-ammonium and the paraquat+diuron mixture, when applied in seasons I and II, provided anticipation of the harvest in up to 13 days and 9 days, respectively, however, the size of the seeds and consequently the productivity were affected.
RESUMO:O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficiência de tratamentos pré-germinativos na superação da dormência de sementes de manjericão, produzidas no Horto de Plantas Medicinais da Unimontes, em fevereiro de 2011. Foram realizadas as seguintes determinações para avaliação da qualidade fisiológica das sementes: teor de água, germinação, primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas e índice de velocidade de emergência. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições de 50 sementes por tratamento, sendo T1-testemunha; T2 -pré esfriamento das sementes em câmara tipo BOD sob temperatura de 10ºC por 4 dias; T3 -embebição das sementes em água destilada por 24 horas; T4 -embebição das sementes em solução contendo KNO 3 a 0,2 % por 5 minutos e T5 -sementes submetidas em água destilada a temperatura de 70ºC por 5 minutos. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste Scott -Knott a 5% de probabilidade. O tratamento pré esfriamento em câmara tipo BOD a 10ºC por 4 dias reduz a dormência e promove incrementos na qualidade fisiológica das sementes do manjericão. Palavras-chave: Ocimum basilicum L., tecnologia de cultivo, germinaçãoABSTRACT: Overcoming dormancy in seeds of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Aiming in order to assess the effectiveness of treatments to overcome dormancy in seeds of basil, an experiment was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis of Unimontes. Following determinations were performed to evaluate the physiological quality of seeds, water content, germination, first count germination, seedling emergence and emergence speed index. The experimental design was completely randomized design with four replications of 50 seeds per treatment, which consisted of: T1 -control, T2 -pre-cooling of the seed chamber BOD at a temperature of 10ºC for 4 days, T3 -soaking the seeds in water distilled for 24 hours, T4 -soaking the seeds in a solution containing 0,2% for 5 minutes and T5 -submitted seeds in distilled water at 70ºC for 5 minutes. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and the averages compared by Scott-Knott 5% probability. The pre-cooling treatment in BOD chamber at 10ºC for 4 days reduced dormancy and promotes increases in the physiological quality of seeds of basil.
ABSTRACT:This work was carried out in order to evaluate the physiological quality of common bean seeds of different types of growth, according to the sowing seasons. The treatments were arranged in 2 x 4 factorial scheme, involving two sowing seasons (dry and winter) and four genotypes (Ouro Vermelho, Ouro Negro, BRSMG Madrepérola e Manteigão Vermelho), in randomized blocks design . The seeds were initially evaluated as for water content, thousand seeds weight and physiological potential by the germination and vigor tests (first germination count, plantlets emergence in sand, emergence speed Index and electrical conductivity). The seeds of the prostrate genotypes, with type of growth III (Ouro Negro and BRSMG Madrepérola) or semiprostate with type of growth II/III (Ouro Vermelho) present better physiological potential, regardless of the sowing season. In the crop of Summer/autumn, the sowing of bean is more suitable for producing seeds with high physiological quality in the conditions of cultivation of the north of Minas Gerais.Key words: crops; germination; Phaseolus vulgaris L.; vigor Época de semeadura e potencial fisiológico de sementes de feijoeiros de diferentes tipos de crescimento RESUMO: O objetivo neste trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de feijão-comum de diferentes tipos de crescimento, em função das épocas de semeadura. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 4, envolvendo duas épocas de semeadura (seca e inverno) e quatro genótipos (Ouro Vermelho, Ouro Negro, BRSMG Madrepérola e Manteigão Vermelho), em delineamento experimental casualizado em blocos. As sementes foram inicialmente avaliadas quanto ao teor de água, massa de mil sementes e potencial fisiológico pelos testes de germinação e vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas em areia, índice de velocidade de emergência e condutividade elétrica). As sementes dos genótipos de porte prostrado, com tipo de crescimento III (Ouro Negro e BRSMG Madrepérola) ou semiprostrado com tipo de crescimento II/ III (Ouro Vermelho) são de melhor potencial fisiológico, independente da época de semeadura. Na safra da seca, a semeadura do feijoeiro é mais adequada para a produção de sementes com elevada qualidade fisiológica nas condições de cultivo do norte de Minas Gerais. Palavras
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