Skeletal metastases are severe complications in the course of cancer, and they indicate a worse prognosis. The use of modern imaging techniques allows rapid diagnosis of bone metastases. Properly selected diagnostic imaging (scintigraphy, positron emission tomography, whole body MRI) allows us to evaluate the number of metastatic foci in the skeletal system. Complementary imaging examinations (X-ray, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) determine the extent of metastasis and its character: osteolytic, osteoblast, mixed). Hypercalcaemia is a symptom of low specificity for metastatic bone disease (a result of osteolysis); nevertheless, it is a significant complication in oncological treatment and worsens the prognosis of the patient. A biopsy is the final stage of the diagnostic process, which allows us to assess cell and tissue changes. Guided biopsies are performed under the control of musculoskeletal imaging methods (CT, MRI) and they are the most promising tools in bone metastases diagnosis. The development of guided biopsy techniques has led to the conclusion that they should be standard in diagnosing bone metastases. Liquid biopsy (LB) seems to be the most promising diagnostic method for detection of bone metastases. LB based on tumour-specific DNA mutation gives an opportunity for early detection and assessment of the molecular heterogeneity of the overall disease.
Engineers searching new dental biomaterials try to modify the structure of the material in order to achieve the best performance as well as increased migration and proliferation of cells involved in the osseointegration of the implant. In this work we show in vitro test results of the Ti, which was anodically oxidized at high voltages with additionally deposited silver in the form of nanodendrites. The in vitro cytocompatibility of these materials was evaluated and compared with a conventional microcrystalline titanium. During the studies, established cell line of human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) and osteoblasts were cultured in the presence of tested materials, and its survival rate and proliferation activity were examined. Titanium samples modified with silver has a higher degree of biocompatibility in comparison with the unmodified reference material. Cells in contact with studied material showed a higher relative viability potential, stable level of proliferation activity, and lower rate of mortality. Biocompatibility tests carried out indicate that the anodically oxidized titanium at high voltages with additionally deposited nanosilver could be a possible candidate for dental implants and other medicinal applications.
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