Introduction: Cancer and its complications are not limited to the patients and affect their caregivers. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the caregiver burden, and stress, anxiety, and depression in these patients. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 caregivers of cancer patients referred to the Imam Reza Hospital in Bojnurd City were selected through the convenience sampling method. The data instruments included the caregiver burden questionnaire and depression, anxiety, and stress scale. Data were analyzed by Chi-square and independent t-test using SPSS v.16. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the caregiver burden and depression, anxiety, and stress scale were 29.79 ± 19.36 and 74.46 ± 19.88, respectively. The correlation between the caregiver burden and depression (0.598), anxiety (0.569), and stress (0.629) was positive and this relationship was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that more than half of cancer patient's caregivers had experienced high and very high burden. In spite of this burden, their mental health is in an acceptable state. Caregivers' assessment and family-centered rehabilitation programs seem necessary.
Background & Objective: Schizophrenia is considered as one of the most extreme mental illnesses in the area of psychiatry which is characterized by social and occupational incompetence. Support and care of these patients has always been on the part of families. The imposed burden includes physical, mental, social and economic problems being experienced by caregiver of the family. The present study aimed at investigating the burden experienced by schizophrenic patients at Imam Reza Hospital in the city of Bojnurd. Material & Methods: This is a descriptive-analytical study conducted on 75 family caregivers visiting Imam Reza Hospital. Data collection methods included demographic questionnaire, and Zarit Questionnaire which measured degree of experienced burden by caregivers. Reliability and validity of both questionnaires had already been established. Then, data were fed into SPSS 14 for analysis. Results: 12.2% of caregivers experienced low burden, 36.4% average burden, and 51.5% high burden. The perceived burden among women was significantly higher (P=0.003) than that of men. There was significant relationship (p=0.03) between the obtained score of caregiving and age of caregivers while the relationship between caregiving score and age of patients was not significant (p>0.05) but was negative. Younger patients imposed higher burden on the caregivers. Conclusion: Taking care of schizophrenic patients put immense pressure on family especially on caregivers. Therefore, it can be said that the mental pressure imposed by such patients threatens caregivers' mental health, hence reduction in quality of care and support. Consequently, family centered programs are recommended for decreasing the burden incurred by schizophrenic patients.
Background & Objective: Lack of concentration in classroom is considered to be one of the most prevalent educational problems throughout education. The aim of this study is to discover and determine factors contributing to the students' concentration in North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. Material & Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 460 students of North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences. A questionnaire consisting of two parts including; demographic data and 21 questions was used to assess the effective factors in students' concentration. Data were analyzed by SPSS-14 software based on frequency of distribution, mean and standard deviation. Results: Most of the cases (66.3%) were female and the overall mean age was 21.3± 3.4 years. Among the teacher-related factors and student-related factors, "Proper time management by the teacher at presentation" (mean 3.34±0.90) and "Interest in the subject" (mean 3.42±0.41) were proved to be the main interfering factors, respectively. Among the environmental factors, proper lighting and ventilation (mean 3.2±0.86) were also the most significant factors. Conclusion: According to the students' views about concentration, changing some behavioral patterns among the students could lead to improvement in their concentration level. This may include planning for enough rest, paying attention to present the applied topics, and consequently encouraging students, and providing a convenient learning setting such as physical conditions of the classroom.
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