Aims: Isomaltulose (palatinose) is a slowly digestible sucrose isomer that can reduce both the glycemic and insulinemic response to foods. The aim of this study was to clone and express a sucrose isomerase (SIase) gene and characterize the protein that is responsible for the production of isomaltulose in the micro‐organism Enterobacter sp. FMB‐1.
Methods and Results: A cosmid clone containing c. 6 kbp region encoding an SIase gene was identified. The 5969‐bp chromosomal DNA fragment covering the SIase (esi) gene in Enterobacter sp. FMB‐1 was sequenced. Although this DNA fragment contained several open reading frames other than esi, only the presence of esi was sufficient to produce isomaltulose in recombinant Escherichia coli. The esi gene was expressed in E. coli, leading to the characterization of its SIase activity.
Conclusions: The Enterobacter sp. FMB‐1 esi gene was successfully cloned and expressed in E. coli. This gene encoded a functional SIase that produced isomaltulose from sucrose.
Significance and Impact of the Study: This is the first molecular analysis of an SIase gene in an Enterobacter strain. The functional expression of the Enterobacter sp. FMB‐1 esi gene in E. coli offers an alternative choice for the industrial production of isomaltulose.
In studying bioelectromagnetic problems, finite element method offers several advantages over other conventional methods such as boundary element method. It allows truly volumetric analysis and incorporation of material properties such as anisotropy. Mesh generation is the first requirement in the finite element analysis and there are many different approaches in mesh generation. However conventional approaches offered by commercial packages and various algorithms do not generate content-adaptive meshes, resulting in numerous elements in the smaller volume regions, thereby increasing computational load and demand. In this work, we present an improved content-adaptive mesh generation scheme that is efficient and fast along with options to change the contents of meshes. For demonstration, mesh models of the head from a volume MRI are presented in 2-D and 3-D.
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