ABSTRACT. Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) is found in areas of coastal tablelands in the Brazilian Northeast and Cerrado regions. This species has been subjected to habitat fragmentation that is mainly due to human activity, and requires conservation strategies. The aim of this study was to analyze the structure and inter-and intrapopulation genetic diversity of natural populations of H. speciosa Gomes using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) molecular markers. A total of 155 individuals were sampled in 10 natural populations (ITA, PAC, IND, EST, BC, PIR, JAP, BG, NEO, and SANT) in the State of Sergipe, Brazil. Fifteen primers were used to generate 162 fragments with 100% polymorphism. Genetic analysis showed that the variability between populations (77%) was higher than within populations (23%). It was possible to identify five different groups by the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and principal coordinate analysis, and only one individual (E10) remained isolated. Using ISSR markers it was possible to obtain a molecular profile of the populations evaluated, showing that these markers were effective and exhibited sufficient polymorphism to estimate the genetic variability of natural populations of H. speciosa Gomes.
The state of Sergipe is the largest mangaba producer, which is a fruit native to Brazil, and has cultural, social and economic importance in its area of occurrence. It is an endangered species due to human actions, and despite its economic potential, there are still no commercial plantations. The study was carried out in order to characterize trees, fruits and the genetic diversity of natural populations of mangaba in Sergipe, Brazil. Fruits from Abaís Beach/Estância (AB) presented, on average, twice the vitamin C content (414.81 mg of vit. C/100g), when compared with the others. The use of ISSR primers was efficient in estimating the genetic similarity of populations. The primers clustered the populations of mangaba according to their origin, which indicates the genetic diversity of mangaba and their isolation. The results can be used to guide the selection of individuals in situ and ex situ conservation actions of these genetic resources. Index terms:Hancornia speciosa Gomes; postharvest; molecular markers; variability. RESUMOO Estado de Sergipe é o maior produtor de mangaba, fruta nativa do Brasil e de importância cultural, social e econômica nas áreas de ocorrência. Encontra-se em risco de extinção devido a ações antrópicas, e apesar de seu potencial econômico, ainda não existem plantios comerciais da espécie. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de caracterizar árvores, frutos e a diversidade genética de populações naturais de mangabeira em Sergipe, Brasil. Frutos oriundos de Abaís/Estância (AB) apresentam em média o dobro do conteúdo de vitamina C (414.81 mg de vit. C/100g) dos demais. O uso de primers ISSR foi eficiente para estimar a similaridade genética das populações, sendo agrupados de acordo com sua origem, o que indica a diversidade genética destas mangabeiras, e seu isolamento. Os resultados poderão ser usados para direcionar a seleção de indivíduos em ações de conservação desses recursos genéticos, in situ e ex situ.
The objective of this study was to evaluate and select morphological and physicochemical descriptors for the characterization of mangaba tree germplasm. We used 30 descriptors in 54 plants from 10 accesses in the fruiting stage (CA, AB, PT, PR, TC, PA, LG, BI, IP and AD) from the Active Germplasm Bank of Embrapa Coastal Tablelands located in the Experimental Field of Itaporanga d'Ajuda, Sergipe, Brazil, faithful trustee of the species. The diversity was verified between and within the accesses, however, without direct relation with its origins. The mean vitamin C content was considered high (394.45 mg/100g) and there was no difference between the accesses. There was a significant difference for most descriptors related to the growth of the plants and the physicochemical characteristics of the fruits. The results are important for the conservation actions of the species and individuals selection for future improvement programs.
ABSTRACT. Banana (Musa spp) is a fruit species frequently cultivated and consumed worldwide. Molecular markers are important for estimating genetic diversity in germplasm and between genotypes in breeding programs. The objective of this study was to analyze the genetic diversity of 21 banana genotypes (FHIA 23, Maçã,
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o potencial germinativo de sementes de Nim em função do estadio de maturação e do substrato. O trabalho foi conduzido no Laboratório de Sementes Florestais da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros. Os frutos foram coletados no Banco de Germoplasma de Nim indiano, da referida instituição, e separados de acordo com o estadio de maturação -sementes oriundas de frutos amarelos, classificadas como maduras, e as provenientes de frutos de coloração verde. A semeadura foi feita em caixas gerbox, com substrato vermiculita e sobre papel. Utilizou-se delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de 25 sementes. No teste de germinação avaliou-se: porcentagem de germinação; índice de velocidade de germinação; comprimento da raiz e parte aérea; porcentagem de plântulas anormais, porcentagem de sementes duras e deterioradas; diâmetro do coleto das plântulas e peso da matéria seca. O substrato sobre papel não se mostrou satisfatório para a germinação de Nim indiano. No substrato vermiculita, as sementes oriundas de frutos amarelos obtiveram maiores percentuais e velocidade de germinação, e melhor desenvolvimento das estruturas essenciais das plântulas.
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