Films produced on titanium depend on the nature and concentration of electrolyte, forming voltage, current density, and temperature. In most cases, dense films of limited thickness are produced, but in some cases, thick, porous films result. Physical, chemical, and electrical nature of the coatings are discussed together with their relation to the substrate surface character. Evidence indicates that films prepared in aqueous electrolytes are not a pure rutile structure. These coatings are highly uniform, insulating, and adherent.

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A method for electrodeposition of protective titanium coatings on steel and other base metals is described. The procedure involves electrolysis of potassium titanium fluoride dissolved in alkali or alkaline earth halides under an inert atmosphere. Graphite or titanium metal anodes are employed.Adherent titanium coatings up to 0.005 in. (0.127 mm) thick are produced. Coatings are essentially pure titanium. Underlying the coating is a base metal-titanium alloy layer producing a firm metal-metal bond. Coatings so prepared possess the corrosion resistance of titanium metal. Layers heavier than 0.005 in. (0.127 ram) may be prepared by repeating the process.Equipment and materials used, conditions of operation, and properties of the electrodeposited titanium are described completely.