Diatoms are highly diverse and widely spread aquatic photosynthetic protists. Studies of regional patterns of diatom diversity are substantial for understanding taxonomy and biogeography of diatoms, as well as for ecological perspectives and applied purposes. DNA barcoding is a modern approach, which can resolve many problems of diatoms identification and can provide valuable information about their diversity in different ecosystems. However, only few studies focused on diatom assemblages of brackish rivers and none of them applied the genetic tools. Herein, we analyzed taxonomic composition and abundance of diatom assemblages in the brackish mixohaline Bolshaya Samoroda River flowing into the Elton Lake (Volgograd region, Russia) using light microscopy and high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of the 18S rDNA gene amplicons. In total, light microscopy of the samples taken in 2011-2014 and 2018 allowed to distinguish 39 diatom genera, represented by 76 species and infraspecies taxa. Twenty three species of diatoms were recorded in the river for the first time. Next-generation sequencing revealed a larger number of diatom taxa (26 genera and 47 OTUs in two samples vs. 20 genera and 37 species estimated by light microscopy). As a result, sequences of Haslea, Fistulifera, Gedaniella were recorded in the river for the first time. Significant differences in the data obtained with molecular and light microscopy approaches are discussed. Some V4 18S rDNA sequences were characterized by a low similarity with homologues from the reference database. We revealed high spatial-temporal heterogeneity of the diatom assemblages, occurrence of freshwater species together with brackish and marine ones, and predominance of benthic and plankto-benthic species. Thus, investigations of diatoms in brackish rivers based on both morphological and molecular approaches provide a good chance of improving an understanding of diversity, ecology and biogeography of Bacillariophyta.
The analysis of the latest published works on the interactions between microalgae and bacteria is presented. Microalgae as a result of multimillion evolution can interact with each other and with another microorganisms. Interactions between algae and bacteria demonstrate a variety of communication from mutualism to parasitism. They can significantly affect the maintenance of vital activity, determines the direction vector, ensure the integrity of ecosystems. In modern society the attention of researches to algae-bacterial symbiosis increases as a biomass producer and as biologically active compounds. The development of green biotechnology is aimed at creating new directions for the use of algae-bacterial interactions. The analyzes materials testify to the high fundamental and applied potential of symbiosis microalgae with bacteria for biology and medicine.
For the first time, communities of autotrophic microorganisms in outfalls of seven meso and hypersaline rivers located in the Eltonsky Natural Park were studied. As a result, 132 species, variants, and forms from six divisions were found. The specific composition of taxa in every watercourse was noted. A cor relation between species diversity and salinity levels was not revealed.
In this study we observed 17 additional morphotypes of chrysophycean stomatocysts from the shallow lake Zhurmankol which is located in a protected zone of South Urals steppes (Russia). Including our new records, the number of known chrysophycean stomatocysts from the Lake Zhurmankol increased to 32 morphotypes. Three morphotypes are described as new to science. Their similarity and difference from previously described morphotypes are discussed. While the biological affinity of two new morphotypes remains unknown, the third stomatocyst was produced by a heterotrophic chrysophyte species, Paraphysomonas bandaiensis. Critical analysis of the published micrographs of P. bandaiensis siliceous scales from Russia revealed that they belong to another, yet undescribed, taxon (or taxa). So, our report on P. bandaiensis is the first confirmed record of this species in Russia.
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