Validation results differed significantly between tools, and also between studies using the same tool in different settings. Many studies have not been appropriately conducted, leaving the true validity of some tools unclear. Certain tools appear to be more valid for use in specific settings.

In this harmonized meta-analysis based on prospective data of older, community-dwelling adults, age, marital status, limitations with walking and climbing stairs, and hospitalization were identified as determinants of incident malnutrition.

Setting-specific tools are more appropriate for use with older adults. These findings will inform recommendations for the optimal screening of geriatric malnutrition across Europe.

Osteoporosis, a metabolic skeletal disease characterised by decreased bone mass and increased fracture risk, is a growing public health problem. Among the various risk factors for osteoporosis, calcium and vitamin D have well-established protective roles, but it is likely that other nutritional factors are also implicated. This review will explore the emerging evidence supporting a role for certain B-vitamins, homocysteine and the 677C→T polymorphism in the gene encoding the folate-metabolising enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, in bone health and disease. The evidence, however, is not entirely consistent and as yet no clear mechanism has been defined to explain the potential link between B-vitamins and bone health. Coeliac disease, a common condition of malabsorption, induced by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals, is associated with an increased risk both of osteoporosis and inadequate B-vitamin status. Given the growing body of evidence linking low bone mineral density and/or increased fracture risk with low B-vitamin status and elevated homocysteine, optimal B-vitamin status may play an important protective role against osteoporosis in coeliac disease; to date, no trial has addressed this possible link.

No abstract