No abstract

Albiglutide improved fasting plasma glucose and postprandial glucose with a favorable safety profile in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Albiglutide's long half-life may allow for once-weekly or less frequent dosing.

Albiglutide has a half-life that favours once weekly or less frequent dosing with an acceptable safety/tolerability profile in non-diabetic subjects.

In various adult teleost fishes, LH ovulatory peak is under a dual neurohormonal control that is stimulatory by GnRH and inhibitory by dopamine (DA). We investigated whether DA could also be involved in the inhibitory control of LH at earlier steps of gametogenesis by studying the model of the European eel, Anguilla anguilla, which remains at a prepubertal stage until the oceanic reproductive migration. According to a protocol previously developed in the striped bass, eels received sustained treatments with GnRH agonist (GnRHa), DA-receptor antagonist (pimozide), and testosterone (T) either alone or in combination. Only the triple treatment with T, GnRHa, and pimozide could trigger dramatic increases in LH synthesis and release as well as in plasma vitellogenin levels and a stimulation of ovarian vitellogenesis. Thus, in the prepubertal eel, removal of DA inhibition is required for triggering GnRH-stimulated LH synthesis and release as well as ovarian development. To locate the anatomical support for DA inhibition, the distribution of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the brain and pituitary was studied by immunocytochemistry. Numerous TH-immunoreactive cell bodies were observed in the preoptic anteroventral nucleus, with a dense tract of immunoreactive fibers reaching the pituitary proximal pars distalis, where the gonadotrophs are located. This pathway corresponds to that mediating the inhibition of LH and ovulation in adult teleosts. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a pivotal role for DA in the control of LH and puberty in a juvenile teleost. These data support the view that DA inhibition on LH secretion is an ancient evolutionary component in the neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction that may have been partially maintained throughout vertebrate evolution.

The complement system has been long regarded as an important effector of the innate immune response. Furthermore, complement contributes to various aspects of B and T cell immunity. Nevertheless, the role of complement in CD8+ T cell antiviral responses has yet to be fully delineated. We examined the CD8+ T cell response in influenza type A virus-infected mice treated with a peptide antagonist to C5aR to test the potential role of complement components in CD8+ T cell responses. We show that both the frequency and absolute numbers of flu-specific CD8+ T cells are greatly reduced in C5aR antagonist-treated mice compared with untreated mice. This reduction in flu-specific CD8+ T cells is accompanied by attenuated antiviral cytolytic activity in the lungs. These results demonstrate that the binding of the C5a component of complement to the C5a receptor plays an important role in CD8+ T cell responses.