Tolerância de espécies de mucuna a herbicidas utilizados ... 1Recebido para publicação em 13.6.2011 e aprovado em 15.6.2012. RESUMO -Os fluxos de emergência de Mucuna em canaviais, mesmo após a aplicação dos herbicidas para o manejo de plantas daninhas, permitiu elaborar a hipótese de que essas plantas são tolerantes aos herbicidas comumente utilizados na cultura. Para comprovar a hipótese, objetivou-se estudar a tolerância de Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna cinerea e Mucuna deeringiana a herbicidas de diferentes mecanismos de ação aplicados em pré e pós-emergência. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com nove tratamentos, em cinco repetições, dispostos em esquema fatorial 3x3, mais testemunhas. Na pré-emergência, o primeiro fator foi constituído pelos herbicidas sulfentrazone (800 g ha -1 ), imazapic (245 g ha -1 ) e amicarbazone (1.400 g ha -1 ), e o segundo, pelas três espécies de Mucuna, além de uma testemunha para cada espécie estudada. Na pós-emergência, alteraram-se os herbicidas para clomazone (1.100 g ha -1 ), ametryn+trifloxysulfuron-sodium (1.463 + 37 g ha -1 ) e 2,4-D (1.209 g ha -1 ). No manejo químico em pré-emergência, verificou-se que as espécies foram sensíveis ao herbicida amicarbazone, seguido de sulfentrazone, e tolerantes ao imazapic. Na pós-emergência, todas as espécies foram sensíveis ao ametryn+trifloxysulfuron-sodium e 2,4-D, mas tolerantes ao clomazone.Palavras-chave: controle, Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna cinerea, Mucuna deeringiana.ABSTRACT -The emergence of Mucuna species in sugarcane plantations, even after herbicide spraying for weed management, allowed us to elaborate the hypothesis that these plants are tolerant to the herbicides commonly used in the culture. Thus, to prove this hypothesis, this work was carried out to study the tolerance of Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna cinerea and Mucuna deeringiana to application of herbicides with different mechanisms of action in pre-and postemergence. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 9 treatments and five replications in a factorial 3 x 3, plus controls. At pre-emergence, the first factor was constituted by the herbicides sulfentrazone (800 g ha -1 ), imazapic (245 g ha -1 ), and amicarbazone (1,400 g ha -1 ), and the second factor by the Mucuna species, besides the additional control for each species studied. At post-emergence, the herbicides tested were clomazone (1,100 g ha -1 ), ametryn+trifloxysulfuron-sodium (1,463 + 37 g ha -1 ), and 2,4-D (1,209 g ha -1 ). In the chemical management at pre-emergence, the species were sensitive to amicarbazone, followed by sulfentrazone, and tolerant to imazapic. At post-emergence, all species were sensitive to ametryn + trifloxysulfuron-sodium and 2,4-D, but tolerant to clomazone.
-The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse to verify the ability of Mucuna aterrima, Mucuna cinerea and Mucuna deeringiana seeds to overcome different soil depths plus sugarcane straw densities. The experimental design was completely randomized with the treatments arranged in a factorial scheme 3 x 3 x 3 and four replications. The factors consisted of straw layers (0, 5, and 10 cm), Mucuna species (M. aterrima, M. cinerea and M. deeringiana) and sowing depth (1, 4 and 8 cm). The Mucuna species exceeded the sowing depth by 23 t ha -1 straw and up to 8 cm, exposing the shoot to the surface from 10 days after emergence and also being able to develop height (> 96 cm per plant), leaf area (> 723 cm -2 per plant) and dry mass accumulation (> 2.09 g per plant) up to 35 DAS.
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