Total phenolic, total flavonoid distribution and antioxidant activity in skin, pulp and fruit extracts of 12 plum cultivars were investigated. The results showed that the levels of total phenolic and flavonoid compounds changed depending on cultivars and fruit parts. The total phenolic content in skin was 4.5 times higher than that in pulp and 3.2 times higher than that in the whole fruit. The total flavonoid content in skin was 18.7 times higher than that in pulp and 9.6 times higher than that in the whole fruit. As the trend observed for antioxidant activity, a positive relationship (correlation coefficient r 2 = 0.83-0.92) was presented between total phenolics and total antioxidant capacity. The results confirm that plum is a good source of natural phenolic antioxidants. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThe present study indicated that plum can contribute to the dietary intake of antioxidants, depending on cultivars and fruit parts. It is among the few studies investigating the distribution of total phenolic, total flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity in the skin, pulp and fruit of plum cultivars. It was observed that the highest values of total phenolic and flavonoid content were obtained from skin extracts. The study highlighted that phenolics and flavonoids in plums may play an important role as radical-scavenging agents that could be used for a healthy human life. This fact may open new perspectives for plumbesides its traditional uses -to be used in assuring a wholesome diet and a healthy life.

Introduction. The objective of this study was to investigate some nutritional and functional components of the walnut fruit kernel and pellicle across twelve genotypes of Juglans regia L., six with a red pellicle and six with a light yellow pellicle. Materials and methods. Antioxidant activity, and contents of total phenolics, flavonoids, minerals and trace elements were determined as well as anthocyanins in red pellicles. Results and discussion. Total phenolic content ranged from 1,131 to 2,892 mg GAE 100 g −1 in kernels and from 11,525 to 33,833 mg GAE 100 g −1 in pellicles. The ratio between the average content in pellicles and that in kernels was found to be 12.7 for total phenolics and 12.9 for the antioxidant activity. Significantly higher average levels of total phenolic content and flavonoid content were found in yellow pellicles than in red pellicles, while no significant differences between the two groups of genotypes were found in kernels. High concentrations of anthocyanins were found in the red pellicles (1,636−2,956 mg CGE 100 g −1). The contents of calcium, magnesium, iron and manganese were significantly higher in genotypes with a red pellicle compared with genotypes with a yellow pellicle both in kernels and pellicles, while the opposite is true for potassium and sodium. Conclusion. The data confirm that walnuts are a good dietary source of total phenolics with high antioxidant potential, minerals (Ca, Mg and K) and essential elements (Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn), most of which are concentrated in the walnut pellicle. Despite the large amounts of anthocyanins found in the red pellicles, yellow pellicles had a stronger antioxidant activity than red pellicles. Keywords: Romania / walnut / Juglans regia / phenolics / antioxidant activity / mineral composition / nutritional value Résumé-Activité antioxydante, teneurs en composés phénolique et minéraux de la noix (Juglans regia L.) en fonction de la couleur de la pellicule de l'amande. Introduction. L'objectif de cette étude était d'étudier certains composants nutritionnels et fonctionnels de l'amande du fruit du noyer et de sa pellicule à travers douze génotypes de Juglans regia L., dont six à pellicule rouge et six à pellicule jaune clair. Matériels et méthodes. L'activité antioxydante, les teneurs en composés phénoliques totaux, en flavonoïdes, en minéraux et oligo-éléments ont été déterminées, ainsi que les teneurs en anthocyanines des pellicules rouges. Résultats et discussion. La teneur totale en composés phénoliques a varié entre 1 131 et 2 892 mg GAE 100 g −1 dans les noix et entre 11 525 et 33 833 mg GAE 100 g −1 dans les pellicules. Le rapport entre la teneur moyenne des pellicules et celle des noix a été de 12,7 pour les composés phénoliques totaux et de 12,9 pour l'activité anti-oxydante. Des niveaux moyens significativement plus élevés de teneur en composés phénoliques totaux et en flavonoïdes ont été trouvés dans les pellicules jaunes que dans les pellicules rouges, tandis que pour les noix aucune différence significative n'a été observée entre l...

Hazelnuts (Corylus avellana L.) have a significant place among the types of dried nuts in terms of nutrition and health owing to their special composition of fats, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibers and phenolic antioxidants. Different hazelnut cultivars grown in Romania ('Cozia' , 'Romavel' , 'Valcea 22' , 'Roverd' and 'Red Lambert') were evaluated for their mineral composition. Microelements were determined by using ICP-MS and a Flame AAS. The average microelements concentrations in the cultivars have varied in the following ranges (mg 100 g -1 ): K, 591.75 -639.13; P, 300.67 -455.06; Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Na, Al, Sr, Rb,. According to the daily microelement requirements, the quantity of 100 g hazelnut provided approximately 13% for K, 55% for P, 70% for Mg, 10% for Ca, 94% for Fe, 22 for Zn and 5.6% for Cr of the RDA. These results indicated that hazelnuts are a rich source of a number of important micro-elements and hazelnut can be an important source of microelements for human nutrition and health.

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：The aim of the study was to investigate the differences between walnut genotypes of various geographical and genetic origins grown under the same or different environmental conditions. The biological material analyzed consisted in walnut kernels of 34 cultivars, nine advanced selections, and six hybrids harvested in 2015 and 2016, summing up to a total of 64 samples. The walnuts, walnut oil, and residue were characterized in respect to their chemical (proximate composition—fat, protein, nutritional value, fatty acids profile by 1H-NMR) and carbon-13 isotopic composition. The data was used to statistically discriminate the cultivars according to composition, geographical area of origin, and year of harvest, comparing the Romanian cultivars, selections, and hybrids with the internationally available ones.