This paper presents a summary of the expected financial performance of battery storage systems providing market-based frequency regulation service for a regional transmission organization. The potential impact of system characteristics and market structure on the profitability of the project is also evaluated. The Discounted Cash Flow analysis was used to determine the benefit-cost ratio, net present value, internal rate of return, and payback period of energy storage projects. The results of this study indicate that larger systems (greater than 5 MW) with fewer battery replacements (up to 2) are expected to have the best financial performance. The findings of this paper add to a growing body of literature on financial analysis of utility-scale energy storage projects.Index Terms-batteries, cost benefit analysis, energy storage, net present value, frequency regulation I.
Estimating voltage sag performance is important for distribution network operators who are keen to reduce costly interruptions, plan network investment and reduce operational expenditure. This paper proposes a robust method to locate faults and estimate the magnitude of voltage sags using information from a limited set of arbitrarily accurate monitoring devices. The developed method uses statistical analysis and impedance based fault location equations to find the most likely fault location and sag magnitude at non-monitored busbars. The method robustly handles measurement errors, and helps to eliminate some of the sensitivity present in existing impedance based fault location algorithms. The method is also shown to be effective at eliminating multiple fault location solutions caused by multiple overlapping impedance paths by synthesizing information from all monitors installed in a network. The method is validated and shown to be effective on a generic section of the UK's distribution network.
Three possible strategies to achieve Fault Ride-Through of offshore wind farms connected through voltagesourced converter (VSC) based HVDC links are investigated in this paper. Dissipation of excess energy by a braking resistor, fast wind power reduction by voltage modulation and a combination of these two are analyzed. The studies are performed in a fourterminal HVDC grid connecting two 1000 MW wind farms comprised of variable-speed full scale converter wind turbines. Simulation results demonstrate improvements in the performance of the synergistic approach (coordinated operation of the first two strategies). This type of analysis can aid in the design of cost-effective FRT schemes of the envisioned HVDC multiterminal systems.
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