Campanula sabatia is endemic to NW Italy (Liguria) and it was included in the European Red list of endangered species due to the heavy human pressure on its habitat. AFLP markers were used to detect the genetic diversity within and among ten populations (totalling 83 individuals) representing the range of the species. In spite of the limited distribution of this endemic taxon, high levels in percentage of polymorphic bands (PPB), gene diversity (H S and H T ) and Shannon's information index (I) were detected both at population (PPB060 %, H S 00.1853, I00.2836) and at species level (PPB0100 %, H T 00.2415, I00.3871). The coefficient of genetic differentiation among population (G' ST ) was 0.1935, while the level of gene flow (N' m ) was estimated to be 2.0832. AMOVA analysis identified a genetic variation within populations of 83 % of the total. Bayesian clustering methods assigned individuals to two geographical groups partly found within the same population, probably due to a high rate of genetic exchange among its populations. Conservation measures are suggested on the basis of the genetic diversity detected to ensure an effective protection for this endemic species.
Multiple shoots were induced on stem segments of a 8-year-old plant of Metrosideros excelsa Sol ex Gaertn. ‘Parnel’. Axillary shoots produced on uncontaminated explants were excised, segmented and recultured in the same medium to increase the stock of shoot cultures. The Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, augmented with different concentrations of 2- isopenthenyladenine (2iP) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), either singly or in combinations, as potential medium for shoot multiplication by nodal segments was tested. In the following experiment equal molar concentrations of four cytokinins [2iP, kinetin, zeatin and N6-benzyladenine (BA)] in combination with equal molar concentrations of three auxins [IAA, -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA)] were tested for ability to induce axillary shoot development from single-node stem segments. The highest rate of axillary shoot proliferation was induced on MS agar medium supplemented with 1.96 μM 2iP and 1.14 μM IAA after 6 wk in culture. Different auxins (IAA, IBA and NAA) were tested to determine the optimum conditions for in vitro rooting of microshoots. The best results were accomplished with IAA at 5.71 μM (89% rooting) and with IBA at 2.85 or 5.71 μM (86 and 86% rooting, respectively). Seventy and 90 percent of the microshoots were rooted ex vitro in bottom-heated bench (22+ 2°C) after 2 and 4 weeks, respectively. In vitro and ex vitro rooted plantlets were successfully established in soil
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.