Diabetes mellitus is a common and growing global health problem leading to several complications. Twenty two saliva samples were aseptically collected and cultured from patients at a public health clinic at Ismailia city, Egypt. Gram positive non spore forming bacilli were detected in 27 per cent of samples in two populations consisting of sixteen diabetic patients (three patients of type 1 and thirteen patients of type 2) and six non diabetic patients. Bacillus subtilis, Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococcus), Streptococcus agalactia (Group B streptococcus), and Enterococcus faecalis were isolated from diabetic patients by 36 %, 13%, 4% and 4% respectively. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in four per cent in non diabetic patients.
Diabetes mellitus is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide thus the disease constitutes a major health concern. The use of experimental models for the disease is imperative. Diabetic rat's organs were adversely affected by bacterial infection. Neisseria sp and E.coli isolated from the heart and liver organs of non-diabetic rats that infected with E.coli. Diabetic and diabetic infected rats with E.coli had Pseudomonas and Bacillius sp in the spleen and kidney organs respectively.
Mimusops laurifolia is a native species restricted to the Red Sea mountains and Gulf of Aden. Its leaves contain saponins with wide range of biological activities. The presented research aimed to prepare saponins-rich extract from n-butanol fraction of M. laurifolia leaves and screen it for promising antimicrobial activities. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the prepared saponins against Candida albicans, and their potential anti-pathogenic and antivirulence effects were determined. Different concentrations of the saponins-rich extract were investigated for their antimicrobial potential, particularly against C. albicans, using the agar well diffusion method. To assess the potential antivirulence and anti-pathogenic effects, we carried out molecular docking of the bioactive saponins against four key enzymes in C. albicans, which are involved in virulence and/or pathogenicity. Different concentrations of the investigated mixture showed notable antifungal activity against C. albicans with an MIC value of 6.4 μg ml−1. Docking analysis of the investigated saponins showed their affinity toward the docked enzymes, particularly saponin 1 with secreted aspartic proteinase 3 and saponin 6 with secreted aspartic proteinase 5. Thereafter, the stability of these two protein-ligand interactions was investigated using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. The molecular interactions between saponins and the enzymes' active sites were analyzed and discussed.
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