Field trials were conducted in the dry (Experiment I) and wet (Experiment II) seasons of 1997 at Samaru (11°11' N, 7°38' E, 686 m above sea level) in the northern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to study the effects of nitrogen rates on the reaction of upland rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. The results indicate that FARO 48, a variety normally susceptible to Striga hermonthica, exhibited resistance. FARO 11 exhibited tolerance, while FARO 38, FARO 46 and FARO 45 exhibited susceptibility. The application of 90 and 120 kg N/ha delayed and reduced Striga emergence on the crop, induced a low crop reaction score and produced grain yields that were the maximum or significantly higher than the least. No significant differences in Striga infestation were observed between nitrogen rates of 30-120 kg N/ha. The significant interaction between upland rice varieties and nitrogen rates indicates that the susceptible varieties require higher rates of nitrogen to ameliorate the effect of Striga compared with the resistant varieties.
Field trials were conducted in the dry and wet seasons of 1998 at Samaru (11°11' N, 07° 38' E, 686 m above sea level) in the northern Guinea savanna of Nigeria, to investigate the potential of cinosulfuron and CGA152005 seed treatments on the reaction of upland rice varieties to Striga hermonthica (Del.) Benth. Seven varieties of upland rice formed the main plots treatments while four levels each of cinosulfuron at 0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 g/l and CGA152005 at 0.008, 0.016, 0.032 and 0.064 g/l, as well as two no herbicide treatments of dry sowing and distilled water-soaked planting were assigned to the subplots. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times. The resistant varieties FARO 40 and WAB 56-50 did not support Striga emergence and also produced grain yields which were the maximum, or comparable to the maximum. FARO 11, a susceptible variety, produced high grain yields in spite of support for early, high Striga emergence. In spite of delayed emergence of Striga on FARO 38 and FARO 48, these varieties, as well as FARO 46 and FARO 45, supported high Striga emergence, exhibited high crop reaction scores to Striga and produced low grain yields. The seed treatment of upland rice varieties with cinosulfuron at 0.2 to 0.6 g/l and CGA152005 at 0.032 and 0.064 g/l significantly delayed Striga emergence compared with the lower rates. After seed treatment with cinosulfuron at 0.6 g/l, the susceptible rice variety FARO 38 and the resistant variety WAB 56-50 produced rice grain yields comparable to the maximum obtained with FARO 40 given seed treatment with CGA 152005 at 0.064 g/l. The significant interactions of varieties of upland rice and herbicide seed treatments on the number of days to first Striga emergence, Striga shoot count and crop reaction to Striga confirm the differential influence of various concentrations of the herbicide seed treatments on the virulence of Striga hermonthica on varieties of upland rice.
Field trials were conducted in the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 at Makurdi, Otukpo and Yandev in the Southern Guinea Savanna ecological zone of Nigeria to study the responses of ten soybean genotypes to intercropping. The experiment was laid out in a randomised complete block design. The genotypes TGX 1807-19F, NCRI-Soy2, Cameroon Late and TGX 1485-1D had the highest grain yield. All the Land Equivalent Ratio (LER) values were higher than unity, indicating that there is great advantage in intercropping maize with soybean. The yield of soybean was positively correlated with the days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, plant height, pods/plant and leaf area, indicating that an improvement in any of these traits will be reflected in an increase in seed yield. There was a significant genotype × yield × location interaction for all traits. This suggests that none of these factors acted independently. Similarly, the genotype × location interaction was more important than the genotype × year interaction for seed yield, indicating that the yield response of the ten soybean genotypes varied across locations rather than across years. Therefore, using more testing sites for evaluation may be more important than the number of years.
Five improved maize varieties including the local check (TZ SR -Y) were evaluated for their tolerance to Striga hermonthica in order to identify the most suitable, high yielding and adapted varieties for use in striga-infested areas at the Mokwa experimental station of the National Cereals Research Institute. The varieties were planted in plots consisting of four rows and the data were collected from the two inner rows. The striga emergence count at 12 weeks after sowing (WAS) along with the grain yield showed significant differences among the varieties. With the exception of the local check, variety ACR 94 TZE comp 5-w significantly out-yielded all the other varieties under investigation.
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