Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory, immune-mediated dermatosis. Approximately 10%-20% of children and 1%-3% of adults suffer from this disease in developed countries. [1][2][3] AD generally develops in individuals with a polygenic inherited predisposition under the influence of external and internal triggers and is accompanied by several immunological complications. [4][5][6] Many loci affecting genetic predisposition to AD have been identified. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13] However, it is impossible to explain the predisposition to AD by only considering its genetic component. The mechanisms underlying the interaction between genetic and environmental factors in the development of AD are not yet fully understood. However, alterations in DNA methylation status have been discussed as a possible cause for the manifestation of many dermatoses. [14] The involvement of epigenetic misregulation in disease pathology has been observed in the skin and/or blood of patients with psoriasis, [15] systemic lupus erythematosus [16][17][18] and vitiligo. [19] Studies on DNA methylation in AD are rare. It is known that the DNA methylation profile of T-lymphocytes differs in patients with AD and psoriasis. [20] Some studies have shown significant differences in the DNA methylation status of individual immune
Pyoderma gangrenosum is an autoinflammatory neutrophilic dermatosis. Diagnosis of the disease remains a difficult task to date, due to the lack of a gold standard of examination and differential diagnostic signs. The primary elements in the development of PG may be papules, pustules or bullae the dissection of which subsequently leads to the formation of ulcers with irregular, violaceous, undermined borders. In rare cases, the diagnosis of the disease can also be complicated by the rapid development of internal organs damage symptoms, which must be regarded as extracutaneous manifestations of PG. Extracutaneous lesions can occur before, during or after the appearance of skin rashes, and the detection of sterile neutrophil infiltrates in the defeat of internal organs confirm the concept of PG as a multisystemic disease. The presented case of a rare course of PG with multiple skin lesions and extracutaneous manifestations, simulating systemic vasculitis, emphasizes the importance of a detailed examination of patients in order to make a correct diagnosis and prescribe timely adequate treatment.
Terra firma-forme dermatosis is an acquired pigmentation disorder caused by delayed keratinocyte maturation that easily diagnosed and treated with 70% isopropyl alcohol.
The skin ecosystem (microbiome) is a complex environment represented by a diverse community of microorganisms with various mechanisms of interaction with each other and the epidermis. The structure of colonization varies depending on the localization on the skin and environmental changes. There is a complex mechanism of the indirect influence of microorganisms through Toll-like receptors (TLR2) in the skin on the activation of the cascade of reactions leading to the production of antimicrobial peptides. This is the basis for the development of chronic inflammation, provoking mechanisms of carcinogenesis in skin cells. The mechanisms of influence of the commensal flora on the skin condition, the change in its regenerative capabilities have been little studied. Modern ideas about the importance of skin microbiota in the mechanisms of development of frequently occurring dermatoses are presented.
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