Nigella sativa oil has been known to have potent anti-inflammatory activity. This research aimed to determine the anti-inflammation activity of Nigella sativa oil in a simple balm stick by topical application. The activity was checked using two methods: carrageenan-induced paw oedema and granuloma pouch on rats. The results showed that balm sticks which contained 10% Nigella sativa could overcome both acute and sub-acute inflammation showing by high oedema inhibition (60.64%), low leucocytes count (43.55% lower than control) as well as a notable TNF-α concentration (50% lower than control) on the inflamed area. In conclusion, topical application of a Nigella sativa balm stick was effective for both acute and sub-acute forms of inflammation.
Background and aim Kaempferia galanga, also known as aromatic Ginger (kencur) in Indonesia, has been widely explored and shows potential as an anti-inflammatory agent. However, there has been limited research to show a possible mechanism by which aromatic ginger inhibits lipoxygenase (LOX). Therefore, this study aims to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of aromatic ginger by comparing extract, fractions, and ethyl- p -methoxycinnamate (EPMC) isolate, as well as possible LOX inhibition activity, by reducing the production of leukotriene B4 (LTB4). Experimental procedure Two animal models were used, namely, the carrageenan-induced granuloma air pouch model and the pleurisy model. The test substance was administered 1 h before carrageenan induction, which was performed orally for each animal model. The number of leukocytes and the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, leukotriene B4 (LTB4) levels, and histology were observed. GC-MS and LC-MS were used for analysis of the chemical compounds in the test samples. Results and conclusion The results of GC-MS analysis showed that aromatic ginger rhizome extract and fractions were dominated by ethyl-trans- p -methoxycinnamate, with the highest level found in the extract. K. galanga showed significant anti-inflammatory activity compared to the control (p < 0.01) in both the granuloma air pouch and pleurisy models. The results of examining the LTB4 concentration showed comparable activity between K. galanga extract, fractions and EMPC isolate, these results were not better than those of zileuton. Overall, this study shows that aromatic ginger extract, fractions and EPMC isolate have anti-inflammatory properties and have the potential to inhibit LOX, thereby reducing LTB4 levels.
Piper cubeba contains various types of lignans. These compounds have been found to have potential pharmacological activities, one being a neuroprotector through an antioxidant mechanism, especially in the brain. This study examined the antioxidant activity of the lignan-rich fraction of P. cubeba (LF) in rat brains. The rats were given LF (200 and 400 mg/kg), Vitamin C (200 mg/kg), and a carrier as the control group for one-week p.o. The following day, rat brains were collected for antioxidant tests, including examining lipid peroxide inhibition, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity, and determination of nitric oxide (NO) concentration. The phytochemical compounds were analyzed with thin-layer chromatography (TLC), ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Test results show that the LF of both doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg could significantly increase antioxidant activity in the brain by inhibiting lipid peroxidation. LF could also increase catalase, despite the decrease in superoxide dismutase activity. Reduction in NO only occurred in the LF-200 group, while LF-400 showed insignificant results compared to the control group. In conclusion, LF showed potential as an antioxidant in the brain and could be beneficial for treating neurological diseases.
Introduction: Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) contains flavonoid compounds that play a role in the haematopoietic process. It is known that methanol extract of beetroot has benefits in the process of haematopoiesis in normal white rats. Aims: To evaluate the beetroots extracts as hematopoietic agents on male rats. Methods: Beetroots dried powder was divided into two parts. One part was macerated separately with dichloromethane and 70% ethanol, while the other part is added with citric acid and washed with water to remove alkaloids and then extracted with 70% ethanol. The study used 24 rats which were divided into four groups. Each group consisted of 6 rats, namely the normal group, dichloromethane extract group, ethanolic extract group, and free alkaloids-ethanolic extract group. Each extract was given at a dose of 200 mg.Kg-1 for 21 days. Analyzed blood parameters are erythrocytes, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, leukocytes, and platelets. The data obtained consisted of the number of cells analyzed using one-way ANOVA then obtained by the Tukey test. Results: This study showed a significant increase in the number of erythrocytes, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, leukocytes, and platelets in rats that were given each extract compared to the normal group (p <0.05). The ethanolic extract of beetroot can increase erythrocytes, haemoglobin, MCV, MCH, MCHC, leukocytes, and platelets by 41.49%, 24.95%, 14.92%, 33.54%, 27.19%, 59.40%, and 35.37%, respectively. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of beetroot has the potential as a good natural haematopoietic agent.
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