The results showed that the stretch protocols were not all the same and that the method of increasing was most suitable for performing manual passive stretches to evaluate TSRT in these patients. Another analysis was the correlation between MAS and tonic stretch reflex threshold; a weak correlation was observed between the increasing and decreasing methods, and moderate correlation was observed between the random methods. Implications for Rehabilitation We demonstrated that the protocol of execution of passive stretches influences in the measurement of the tonic stretch reflex threshold (TSRT). We recommend the method of increasing velocity for performing manual passive stretches. We also build software with a reliable biological data acquisition system, which makes acquisition and processing of data in real time. In this way, the TSRT is a promising quantitative measure to assess post-stroke spasticity, calculated automatically. We also we provided the use of portable instruments to facilitate the assessment of spasticity in clinical practice.
Purpose The aim of this study was to carry out a systematic review of telemedicine technology and to discuss the role of legislation in the application of telemedicine technology within the scope of COVID-19. Methods The search for papers was conducted in the databases Cochrane Central, MEDLINE, and Embase. The keywords considered for this systematic review were (coronavirus OR “2019-nCoV” OR 2019nCoV OR nCoV2019 OR “nCoV-2019” OR “COVID-19” OR COVID19 OR “HCoV-19” OR HCoV19 OR CoV OR “2019 novel*” OR Ncov OR “n-cov” OR “SARS-CoV-2” OR “SARSCoV-2” OR “SARSCoV2” OR “SARSCoV2” OR SARSCov19 OR “SARS-Cov19” OR “SARS-Cov-19” OR “severe acute respiratory syndrome*” OR ((corona* OR corono*) AND (virus* OR viral* OR virinae*))) AND ((telemedicine OR telehealth OR “remote assessment” OR telemonitoring)). The review process was carried out by six independent reviewers, using the PRISMA-P method. Results As a result, a total of 34 papers were selected, which addressed the study of telemedicine technologies used in times of endemics, epidemics, and pandemics, focusing on COVID-19. Conclusion Telemedicine allows for care in remote areas and at a lower cost to the patient and, in the current situation, it can reduce the number of contagions as well as the occupation of beds in health facilities. Telemedicine may suffer from limitations, mainly due to current legislation, but in this pandemic era of COVID-19, several countries around the world have made their laws more flexible to allow more widespread use of telemedicine.
Peripheral Nerve lesions (LNP) interfere and impair the capacity of the patient. The break in the continuity of the structure of peripheral nerves results in blocking the propagation of nerve impulses, affecting motor skills, sensory and causing a disruption of activities functional.A posttraumatic regeneration is complex and the individual can stay with sequelae (Rosén and Lundborg 2007). The objective is to point out possible differences in muscle characteristics after the LNP. Participated effectively this research 24 volunteers, divided into two groups, one group of volunteers With Injury (GCL) (n = 4) and a group of volunteers No Injury (GSL), divided into two GSL groups of men (n = 10) and the GSL Women (n = 10).Volunteers with injury underwent an assessment of physical therapy clinical trials. The 24 volunteers spent the EMG evaluation surface, which consisted of wrist extension task, analysing the activite of muscles Extension Radial Carpal and Extension Ulnar Carpal, pulling a load cell. It was extracted three characteristics from EMG signal: RMS, Medium Frequency (FM) and Median Frequency (FMD). By comparing the qualitative clinical evaluations strength, the quantitative analysis with the load cell was considerably effective for presenting difference in comparison of the injured limb having lower resultant force. In the evaluation of the volunteers with injury variables extracted from the EMG signal was not possible to observe a characterization according to the time of injury. In the statistical analysis the No Injury group, the comparison between the dominant member versus non-dominant limb there has been no difference. According to the comparison of the GCL and GSL volunteers with lesions showed a trend towards higher frequency values, but the statistical analysis there was no significant difference between groups. Biggest FM and FMD values may indicate a predominance of type II fibers, caused by cross post reinnervation, genetic factors, functional demands and individual variations can also change muscle recruitment (Fugl-Meyer, ERIKSSON et al. 1982). However these findings that show no difference in comparisons of myoelectric activity which may indicate that these post LNP volunteers have acquired good recovery due to successful treatment.
Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease (PD) motor symptoms remains a problem. Most of the current studies focus on objective evaluations to make the evaluation more reliable. Most of these systems are based on the use of inertial and electromyographic sensors that require contact with the body part being assessed. Contact sensors restrict natural movement, may be uncomfortable and may require preparation of the body, which may cause irritation. As an alternative to contact sensors for the study of hand motor tasks performed by subjects with and without PD, electrical potential sensing technology is used in this research. A custom hardware has been designed to enable data collection by hand movement. A micro-machine system validated the developed system, and a relationship model was established between hand displacement and non-contact capacitive (NCC) sensor response. An experiment was conducted, including 57 subjects, 30 with PD (experimental group) and 27 healthy control group, followed by an analysis of statistical features extracted from the instantaneous mean frequency (IMNF) of NCC sensor. These results were compared with those obtained from gyroscope signals that are considered in the field to be the gold standard. As a result, NCC responses were correlated linearly with hand displacement (R2 = 0.7692 and $${\text{R}}_{\text{adj}}^{2}$$ R adj 2 = 0.7631). The statistical evaluation of IMNF features showed, that both, contact and non-contact sensors, were able to discriminate movement patterns of the control group from the experimental one. The results confirm statistical similarity between features extracted from NCC and gyroscope signals.
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